LGBTQIA+ Wiki
Don't have an account?
Register
Register
LGBTQIA+ Wiki
LGBTQIA+ Wiki 🏳️‍🌈
200
pages
in: Terminology, Sexual orientation, Rewrites needed,
and 2 more
English

Changes: Aromantic asexual

Back to page | (Difference between pages)
Sign in to edit
No edit summary
Tags: Manual revert Visual edit
 
m (→‎Ancient history: copy-edit)
 
Line 1: Line 1:
 
{{Infobox
  
{{Infobox
−
| image = Aroace Flag.svg
 +
| image = Bisexual Flag.svg
−
| caption = The sunset aroace flag, created by [https://aroaesflags.tumblr.com aroaesflags]
 +
| caption = The bisexual pride flag
−
| altname = Aroace, AceAro
 +
| altname =
−
| term = [[Sexual orientation]] and [[romantic orientation]]
 +
| term = [[Sexual orientation]]
−
| spectrum = [[A-spec]]
 +
| spectrum =
−
| gender = <!--Not a gender-specific term-->
 +
| gender = Any
−
| attracted = None
 +
| attracted = *Men, women and [[Non-binary]] {{C|basic definition}}
  +
*Two or more, any, or all [[gender]]s or [[sex]]es {{C|expanded definitions}}
−
| attractedtype = None
  
−
| romance =
+
| attractedtype = Any
−
| sexuality =
+
| romance = [[Biromantic]]
  +
| different = *[[Omnisexual]]{{#tag:ref|The differences between [[multisexual]] labels such as bisexual, [[omnisexual]], [[pansexual]], and [[polysexual]] depend on the definitions used. Some sources distinguish each label, while others use the same or similar language.|group=note}}
−
| different =
 
  +
*[[Pansexual]]
  +
*[[Polysexual]]
 
}}
  
}}
  +
'''Bisexual''', also abbreviated as '''bi''', is a [[sexual orientation]] encompassing sexual attraction to multiple [[gender]]s and/or [[sex]]es, with various definitions that include:
−
'''Aromantic asexual''', also known by the abbreviation '''aroace''', means people who are both [[aromantic]] (aro) and [[asexual]] (ace)<ref name="AUREA: All Terms">{{Cite web |url=https://www.aromanticism.org/en/all-terms |title=All Aromantic Terms |author=[[AUREA]] |work=[https://www.aromanticism.org AUREA - Aromantic-spectrum Union for Recognition, Education, and Advocacy] |archivedate=20220129083533}}</ref> or on the [[aromantic spectrum]] (aro-spec) and the [[asexual spectrum]] (ace-spec).<ref name="Ace and Aro Journeys">{{Cite print|author=The Ace and Aro Advocacy Project|title=Ace and Aro Journeys: A Guide to Embracing Your Asexual or Aromantic Identity|publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers|isbn=9781839976384|date=2023}}</ref><ref name="Amazing Ace Awesome Aro">{{Cite print|author=Victoria Barron|title=Amazing Ace, Awesome Aro: An Illustrated Exploration|publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers|isbn=9781839977145|date=2023}}</ref>
  
  +
*Attraction to men and women<ref name="Bi.org: What is" />
  +
*Attraction to two or more sexes or genders<ref name="Bi.org: What is" /><ref name="Biresource: What is" /><ref name="APA: Understanding Bisexuality">{{Cite_web|url=https://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/bisexual|title=Understanding Bisexuality|author=American Psychological Association}}</ref><ref name="WebMD: Bisexual" />
  +
*Attraction to one's own gender and to at least one other<ref name="Bi.org: What is" /><ref name="WebMD: Bisexual" />
  +
*Attraction to all sexes or genders<ref name="Bi.org: What is" /><ref name="Biresource: What is" />
  +
*Attraction regardless of gender or sex<ref name="Bi.org: What is" /><ref name="Biresource: What is" />
   
  +
Some bisexual people experience different kinds of attractions to the genders or sexes they are attracted to, or may feel attracted to different sexes or genders over time.<ref name="Bi.org: What is">{{Cite_web|url=https://bi.org/en/101/bisexuality|title=What is Bisexuality?|publisher=Bi.org|date=2022}}</ref> Bisexuals may feel equally attracted<ref name="WebMD: Bisexual">{{Cite web|url=https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-is-bisexual|title=Bisexuality: What Does It Mean?|publisher=WebMD|date=2021-06-28}}</ref> or may be primarily attracted or more strongly attracted to one or more of them compared to the other(s).<ref name="Bi.org: What is" /><ref name="WebMD: Bisexual" /> Bisexuality is also an [[umbrella term]] for [[Multisexual|multiple attractions]], the definitions of which overlap. Individuals may have a preference in which specific label they use or draw distinctions between bisexuality and other labels, such as [[pansexual]] and [[omnisexual]].<ref name="Biresource: What is">{{Cite_web|url=https://biresource.org/bi-info/what-is-bisexuality|title=What is Bisexuality?|author=Bisexual Resource Center}}</ref>
−
As terms for specific identities, aromantic refers to someone who experiences little to no romantic attraction and asexual means someone who experiences little to no sexual attraction.<ref name="AUREA: All Terms" /><ref name="A-Z">{{Cite_print |author=Holleb, Morgan Lev Edward |title=The A-Z of Gender and Sexuality: From Ace to Ze |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |date=2019 |isbn=9781784506636}}</ref>Aromantic asexual people may or may not feel other forms of attraction that are neither romantic nor sexual.<ref name="Ace and Aro Journeys" /><ref name="Amazing Ace Awesome Aro" /> Some aromantic, asexual, or aromantic asexual people may also feel romantic or sexual attraction for others, but don't feel a need to act on their attraction.<ref name="It Gets Better Project">{{Cite web|url=https://itgetsbetter.org/glossary/asexual-or-ace/ |title=Asexual, or ace (SO)|publisher=It Gets Better Project|archivedate=20230515030510}}</ref> They may also only see this attraction as fantasy, which is why some don't feel a need to act on it.<ref name="Refinery29 LGBTQ Glossary">{{Cite web|url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/lgbtq-definitions-gender-sexuality-terms |title=LGBTQ Definitions Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation|publisher=Refinery29|date=2018-06-1|archivedate=20230522222831}}</ref>
  
   
  +
==Etymology==
−
{{Stub}}
  
  +
"Bisexual" comes from the roots "bi-", meaning "two" or "double", and "-sexual". The term "bisexuality", when referring to sexual orientation, was first used by neurologist Charles Gilbert Chaddock in his English translation of ''Psychopathia Sexualis'' in 1892, which contained a theory that the brain of a person attracted both to their own sex and the opposite sex must be partly of another sex and thus "hermaphroditic".<ref name="PsychopathiaSexualis">{{Cite print|title=Psychopathia Sexualis|author=Kraft-Ebbing, Richard|contributor=Chaddock, Charles Gilbert|date=1892|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9SYKAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> Earlier, it was a botanical term for "having male and female parts".<ref name="Memoir">{{Cite print|title=Memoir of Observations on the Plants denominated Cryptogamick|author=de Beauvois, M.|publisher=American Philosophical Society|date=1793|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1004869.pdf}}</ref>
   
 
==Community==
  
==Community==
  +
Bi Visibility Day has been internationally celebrated on September 23 since 1999. It varies in several countries, though, being the 16th, 24th, or 25th instead.<ref name="Bi Visibility Day">{{Cite_web |url=https://bivisibilityday.com |title=Bi Visibility Day}}</ref>
−
===Identities under the umbrella===
  
−
====Oriented aroace====
  
−
[[File:Oriented Aroace Flag.svg|thumb|left|200px|The oriented aroace flag created by biaroace on Tumblr<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biaroace.tumblr.com/post/175789820577/oriented-aroace-flag-this-flag-is-meant-to|title=Oriented Aroace Flag|author=biaroace|date=2018-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124013942/https://biaroace.tumblr.com/post/175789820577/oriented-aroace-flag-this-flag-is-meant-to}}</ref>]]
  
−
'''Oriented aroace''' refers to someone who is aromantic and asexual and never experiences romantic or sexual attraction, but does experience another form of attraction that is significant enough to acknowledge alongside their aroace orientation.<ref name="AUREA: All Terms" />
  
   
−
====Angled aroace====
 +
===History===
  +
====Ancient history====
−
[[File:Angled Aroace Flag.svg|thumb|right|200px|The angled aroace flag created by black-aros on Tumblr<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://official-angledaroace.tumblr.com/post/183794179751/black-aros-angled-flag-if-you-read-the-tags-in|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124020454/https://official-angledaroace.tumblr.com/post/183794179751/black-aros-angled-flag-if-you-read-the-tags-in|title=Angled Flag|date=2019-03-29|author=official-angledaroace}}</ref>]]
  
  +
In ancient China and Japan, both [[Gay|homosexuality]] and bisexuality were documented, including men who had sex with men and women who had sex with women. Ancient Japanese ''shunga'' art prints depict sexual relationships in complex detail, including same-sex relations. Ancient China had similar artwork.<ref name="FI">{{Cite print|title=Forbidden images: erotic art from Japan's Edo period|contributors=Hayakawa, Monta; Fritze, Sointu; Suojoki, Saara; & Helsingen kaupungin taidemuseo|publisher=Helsingen kaupungin taidemuseo|year=2000|language=English|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Forbidden_images.html?id=TXawOgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y}}</ref> Ancient Greek religious texts, which reflected cultural practices, had bisexual themes throughout. Ancient Greece is generally considered to have been accepting of [[LGBTQIA+]] individuals, though attitudes differed in various city-states.<ref name="Athens">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/law-sexuality-and-society/CC6AAF9012EEF289E37DE5128212C61E|title=Law, Sexuality, and Society: The Enforcement of Morals in Classical Athens|author=Cohen, David|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2011}}</ref> In terms of social acceptance in ancient Rome, a freeborn Roman man could have sex with both men and women, as long as he took the penetrative role.<ref name="Garden">{{Cite web|title=The Garden of Priapus: Sexuality and Aggression in Roman Humor|author=Richlin, Amy|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1992|language=English|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Garden_of_Priapus.html?id=KBoEG6GJlMcC&redir_esc=y}}</ref> The Roman emperor Caligula had relationships with both men and women.<ref name="Caligula 1">{{Cite web|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/suetonius/12caesars/caligula*.html|title=Suetonius, The Lives of the Caesars|author=Tranquillus, C. Seutonius|publisher=Loeb Classical Library|date=1913}}</ref><ref name="Caligula 2">{{Cite web|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/59*.html|title=Roman History|author=Dio, Cassius|publisher=Loeb Classical Library|date=1924}}</ref>
−
'''Angled aroace''' refers someone who is on the [[aromantic spectrum]] (arospec) and/or the [[asexual spectrum]] (acespec), and experiences some level of sexual and/or romantic attraction, in which one would add that label to their aro-spec and/or ace-spec identity (for example: [[bisexual]] and [[Gray-asexual|greysexual]]).<ref name=":1" /> The term "angled aroace" was coined in 2019 by Tumblr user black-aros after finding out that the oriented aroace identity did not include aroace-spec individuals.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://official-angledaroace.tumblr.com/post/626716768687226880/angled-remake|title=Angled (Remake)|author=official-angledaroace|date=2020-08-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302030202/https://official-angledaroace.tumblr.com/post/626716768687226880/angled-remake}}</ref>
  
   
−
====Aroaceflux====
 +
====19th century====
  +
Starting from 19th century, historians documented multiple self-declared or openly living as bisexual historical figures, being able to describe them in more detail than ancient figures. These include several well-known writers, singers and artists; however, living openly as a bisexual person was rare due to stigma. The famous writer Hans Christian Andersen (1805 - 1875) is described to be bisexual, as he describes attraction to both men and women in his correspondence and diary; his male love interests include Edvard Collin, who preferred women and found himself "unable to respond to this love".<ref name="JAWIL">{{Cite print|title=Just As Well I'm Leaving: To the Orient With Hans Christian Andersen|author=Booth, Michael|publisher=Random House|year=2018|language=English|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tq0sDAAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref name="HCA Letters">{{Cite print|title= Hans Christian Andersen's Correspondence with the Late Grand-Duke of Saxe-Weimar, Charles Dickens|author=Anderson, Hans Christian|editor=Crawford, Frederick|publisher=Dean & Son|date=1891|language=English|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/H.C._Andersen%27s_correspondence_with_the_late_Grand-Duke_of_Saxe-Weimar%2C_C._Dickens%2C_etc_%28IA_cu31924026288641%29.pdf}}</ref> Lord Byron (1788 - 1824), an English poet, one of the leading figures of the Romanticism, had many relationships with women and men, and his bisexuality is acknowledged by historians.<ref name="Least Like Saints">{{Cite web|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/385569/pdf|title=Least Like Saints: The Vexed Issue of Byron's Sexuality|author=Jackson, Emily|publisher=Liverpool University Press|date=2010}}</ref>
−
[[File:Aroaceflux.png|left|thumb|The aroaceflux flag by astraldomination.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://aroflagarchive.tumblr.com/post/625950433709588481/an-aroaceflux-design-based-on-toothcitys-aroflux|author=aroflagarchive|title=Aromantic Flag Archive|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124011131/https://aroflagarchive.tumblr.com/post/625950433709588481/an-aroaceflux-design-based-on-toothcitys-aroflux}}</ref>]]
  
−
'''Aroaceflux''' refers to someone who is both [[Aromantic spectrum#Aroflux|aroflux]] and [[Asexual spectrum#Aceflux|aceflux]]. Essentially, both their sexual and romantic orientation fluctuates, but generally stays on the asexual and aromantic spectrums. These fluctuations may occur at the same time or they may be independent. Aroaceflux can be an orientation on its own or can be combined with other orientations.<ref name="Gayety Aroace">{{Cite web|title=All About the Aroace Flag|url=https://gayety.co/all-about-the-aroace-flag|publisher=Gayety|date=2022-09-02|archivedate=20221102205134}}</ref> The term "aroaceflux" was coined by Quora user Ezrasberry in October 2020.<ref name="Gayety Aroace" /><ref name="Quora: Aroaceflux">{{Cite web|url=https://theresultofinsanity.quora.com/Coining-a-not-so-new-term|title=Coining a (not so new) term|author=Calrissian, Willow|date=2020-10}}</ref>
  
   
  +
====Early 20th century====
−
A flag design was also included alongside the coining, though the flag itself has no particular meanings.<ref name="Quora: Aroaceflux" /> There is an alternative flag design that is a straightforward combination of the main aroflux and aceflux flags at the time.<ref name="Pride-Flags Aroaceflux">{{Cite web|title=Aroaceflux by Pride-Flags|url=https://www.deviantart.com/pride-flags/art/Aroaceflux-869559335|date=2021-02-14|archivedate=20220302032721}}</ref> Another design was created by astraldomination on February 29th, 2020, based on toothcity's aroflux and aceflux flag redesigns.<ref name=":0" />
  
  +
During the Harlem Renaissance, blues singers Ma Rainey (1886–1939) and Bessie Smith (1894–1937) openly acknowledged bisexuality in their lyrics and life and are considered bisexual.<ref name="Ma Rainey">{{Cite_web|url=https://www.billboard.com/culture/politics/ma-rainey-lesbian-lyrics-7824784|title=Ma Rainey's Lesbian Lyrics: 5 Times She Expressed Her Queerness in Song|author=Friederich, Brandon|publisher=Billboard|date=2017-06-07}}</ref><ref name="Smith">{{Cite_web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bessie-smith_b_1450477|title=Bessie Smith: Music's Original, Bitchinest Bad Girl|author=Devi, Deborah|publisher=Huffpost|date=2017-12-06}}</ref> Poet Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892–1950) was also openly bisexual.<ref name="Lofty Dogmas">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvmx3j3j|title=Lofty Dogmas: Poets on Poetics|author=Brown, Deborah; Finch, Annie; & Kumin, Maxine|publisher=University of Arkansas Press|date=200}}</ref>
  +
  +
====The Kinsey Scale====
  +
[[File:Kinsey scale.jpg|thumb|right|alt=The Kinsey Scale|The Kinsey scale was originally created by [[Alfred Kinsey]] and published in his 1948 book ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male''.]]
  +
The sex researcher Alfred Kinsey and his team published the Kinsey Scale in 1948, to illustrate that sexual attraction and behavior can vary on a wide spectrum. The seven-point scale ranges from 0 ("exclusively [[heterosexual]]") to 6 ("exclusively homosexual"). Those who fall somewhere in the 1-5 category are labelled as bisexual. The scale shows that there is a whole range of experiences other than being heterosexual or homosexual.<ref name="KinseyScale">{{Cite web|url=https://kinseyinstitute.org/research/publications/kinsey-scale.php|title=The Kinsey Scale|publisher=The Kinsey Institue|date=2020}}</ref><ref name="Bi.org: Kinsey">{{Cite_web|url=https://bi.org/en/101/Kinsey-Klein|title=The Kinsey Scale and the Klein Grid|publisher=Bi.org|date=2022}}</ref>
  +
  +
====1960s and 1970s====
  +
In New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. between 1965 and 1969 multiple pickets were staged to fight for LGBTQIA+ rights. One woman at the second White House picket declared herself as bisexual.<ref name="GayToday">{{Cite_web|url=http://www.gaytoday.com/garchive/interview/083099in.htm|title=Interview|author=Nichols, Jack|publisher=Gay Today|date=1997}}</ref> Many bisexual individuals took part in the [[Stonewall riots]] in 1969, a key historical event for the entire LGBTQIA+ community. Brenda Howard, a known bisexual activist, is known as the Mother of Pride, because she created a one-month Stonewall anniversary rally in July 1969 and then took part in coordinating the Christopher Street Liberation Day Parade in 1970, known as the first pride march<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190608014435/https://www.them.us/story/brenda-howard/amp Meet "The Mother of Pride," The Pioneering Bisexual Activist Brenda Howard]</ref>
  +
  +
In 1972, a Quaker group (an American religious assembly), the Committee of Friends on Bisexuality, supported the bisexual people in the "Ithaca Statement on Bisexuality", being the possibly first known religious group to support the bisexual community in the United States.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151015231948/http://bimedia.org/1984/june-1972-the-ithaca-statement/ The Ithaca Satement]</ref>
  +
  +
Freddie Mercury (1946 - 1991) is one of the most famous self-declared bisexual men. Many speculate about his sexuality, but it is known he came out to his girlfriend, Mary Austin, in 1976.<ref name="Mirror">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/film/inside-mary-austin-freddie-mercurys-13474118|title=Inside Mary Austin and Freddie Mercury's relationship - the woman who none of his lovers could compare to|author=Rowney, Jo-Anne|publisher=Mirror|date=2019-01-10}}</ref><ref name="Ultimate Classic Rock">{{Cite web|url=https://ultimateclassicrock.com/freddie-mercury-sexuality|title=Freddie Mercury's Sexuality Remained a Mystery Even to His Queen Bandmates|author=DeRiso, Nick|publisher=Ultimate Classic Rock|date=2018-05-16}}</ref>
  +
  +
====The Klein Grid====
  +
[[File:Klein sexuality grid.png|thumb|right|alt=The Klein Grid|The Klein Grid]]
  +
The Klein Grid is a way to describe sexuality and it is also known as the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid (KSOG). The psychiatrist and sex researcher Fritz Klein published the Klein Grid in 1978 to provide a more nuanced way to describe human sexuality. It includes past and present experiences and one's "ideal" experience they'd wish to have, and multiple labels to describe the experiences. One can include their behavior, attraction, fantasies, lifestyle and preferences and describe them with a multitude of labels containing words "only", "somewhat more", "most" and such. The grid illustrates fluidity and complexity of everyone's sexual identity.<ref name="Bi.org: Kinsey" /><ref>[https://www.americaninstituteofbisexuality.org/thebisexualoption The Bisexual Option]</ref>
  +
  +
====1980s and 1990s====
  +
When the [[HIV/AIDS pandemic]] began, bisexual activists fought for their recognition; they also fought for [[cisgender]] women, [[transgender]] people, and injection drug users to be recognized as victims of the pandemic and supported. One of them was a Black woman, Veneita Porter, who advocated for these groups and was known to be bisexual; she was an activist of the Prostitute's Union of Massachusetts and the Call Off Your Old Tired Ethics organization.<ref>[https://scholarworks.umb.edu/nejpp/vol4/iss1/29/ Minorities and HIV Infection, Veneita Porter, Rhode Island Project AIDS]</ref> In 1985, the Bisexual Resource Center (BRC) was founded as the East Coast Bisexual Network.<ref>[https://biresource.org/about/our-history/ Our History - BRC]</ref> In 1987, the article "The Bisexual Movement: Are We Visible Yet?" by Lani Ka'ahumanu appeared in the official Civil Disobedience Handbook for the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights and was the first article from the bisexual community in a national lesbian or gay publication in the United States of America.<ref>[https://www.lanikaahumanu.com/OUT%20OUTRAGED.pdf The Bisexual Community: Are We Visible Yet?]</ref>
  +
  +
In 1992, Colorado voters approved the 1992 Colorado Amendment 2 that prevented any city, town, or county in the state from taking any legislative, executive, or judicial action to introduce anti-discrimination law protecting gay, lesbian, or bisexual people. The Supreme Court ruled in a 6–3 decision that the amendment did not satisfy the Equal Protection Clause.<ref>[[wikipedia:1992 Colorado Amendment 2|1992 Colorado Amendment 2]]</ref>
  +
  +
====Modern history====
  +
The Union for Reform Judaism in 2003 issued a resolution "Support for the Inclusion and Acceptance of the Transgender and Bisexual Communities", which applied their policy supporting rights of the gay and lesbian communities to the bisexual and transgender communities.<ref>[https://archive.ph/20120720193853/http://urj.org/Articles/index.cfm?id=13462 Support for the Inclusion and Acceptance of the Transgender and Bisexual Communities]</ref>
   
 
===Flag===
  
===Flag===
  +
The bisexual pride flag was designed by a team led by LGBT activist Michael Page in 1998. The flag was created in order to give the bisexual community its own symbol which was easily recognized and comparable to the [[gay]] pride flag (rainbow flag) that represented the larger [[LGBTQIA+]] community. Page's aim was to increase the visibility of bisexual people, both among society as a whole and within the community.<ref name="Page">{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010801185547/http://biflag.com/Activism.asp|title=The History of the Bi Pride Flag|author=Page, Michael}}</ref>
−
The aroace flag, also referred to as the sunset aroace flag<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/aromanticasexual/comments/ipwmgr/the_aroace_flag_debate/|title=The Aroace Flag debate|archivedate=20220331022233}}</ref>, was created by Tumblr user aroaesflags on December 11, 2018. The flag was created "with the experiences of aroaces who don’t split their attraction in mind", which is why the flag does not contain purple for asexual nor green for aromantic. It is meant to represent anyone who is on the asexual spectrum and aromantic spectrum together.<ref name="Aroaesflags">{{Cite web|url=https://aroaesflags.tumblr.com/post/181034758671/revised-aroace-flag-after-some-conversation-among|title=Revised Aroace Flag|author=aroaesflags|date=2018-12-11|archivedate=20230403183204}}</ref> The specific meanings of the sunset flag are as follows:
  
   
  +
[[File:Biangles.svg|alt=Two interlocking triangles in the colours of the bi flag|thumb|The biangles]]
−
*'''Two shades of blue''': Represents "the aroace identity as well as the spectrum of aroace identities and experiences". The choice of color here is intended to be between green, for aromantic, and purple, for asexual.<ref name="Aroaesflags" />
  
  +
Page took the colors of the bisexual pride flag from an existing bisexual symbol, the biangles (bisexuality triangles).<ref name="Page" /> The biangles were created for the Boston Bi Woman's Community by the artist Liz Nania.<ref name="Dezeen">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2019/10/23/queer-design-andrew-campbell-50-years-lgbt-graphic-design/|title=Queer x Design highlights 50 years of LGBT+ graphic design|author=Jordahn, Sebastian|publisher=Dezeen|date=2019-10-23}}</ref>
−
*'''White''': Wholeness. This is meant to represent aroaces who are "aplatonic, nonamorous, or otherwise not seeking a committed partnership", and also "how we are all whole people on our own".<ref name="Aroaesflags" />
  
−
*'''Yellow''': Love and relationships that exist outside of more conventional ideas of romantic and sexual relationships.<ref name="Aroaesflags" />
  
−
*'''Orange''': Community. Similar to the use of blue on this flag, orange is in between purple and green, for asexual and aromantic respectively. This represents "both the unity of ourselves as aroaces as well as our places in both the aro and ace communities".<ref name="Aroaesflags" />
  
   
  +
{{Quote
−
[[File:Aroace alt design.jpg|thumb|right|184x184px|An older aroace flag design]]
  
  +
| quote = The pink color represents sexual attraction to the same sex only (gay and lesbian). The blue represents sexual attraction to the opposite sex only (straight) and the resultant overlap color purple represents sexual attraction to both sexes (bi).
−
There are other alternative designs used as the aroace flag, most of which are some combination of the individual aromantic and asexual flags. In addition, some of these designs were also created before the sunset aroace flag.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aro-neir-o.tumblr.com/post/184671635170/aroace-pride-flags-a-collection-post|title=Aroace Pride Flags: A Collection Post|date=2019-05-05|author=aro-neir-o|archivedate=20220615195510}}</ref> An example of this is the design shown to the right, which was published on December 6, 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deviantart.com/pride-flags/art/Aroace-646132640|title=Aroace|author=Pride-Flags|date=2016-12-06|archivedate=20210521043306}}</ref>
 
  +
| speaker = Michael Page
  +
| source = [https://web.archive.org/web/20010801185547/http://biflag.com/Activism.asp The History of the Bi Pride Flag]
  +
}}
  +
  +
[[File:Bi Crescents.svg|thumb|alt=Two interlocking crescents in the colours of the bi flag|The bisexual crescents]]
  +
A number of bisexual people prefer to use the bisexual crescents (also called the double moon) instead of the bi triangles as their community symbol, as they want to avoid using a symbol that derives from the pink triangle, which was used to tag and persecute homosexual people in the Nazi regime. This symbol was created by Vivian Wagner with a team in 1998.<ref name="QS">{{Cite print|title=Queerstory: An Infographic History of the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights|publisher=Simon and Schuster|language=English|date=2020-10-06|isbn=1982142375|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P-T7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT3&lpg=PT3}}</ref>
  +
  +
===Distinction===
  +
{{Rewrite|section}}
  +
Depending on the definitions used for the terms, bisexuality may be distinct from, but similar, to [[pansexual]]ity and [[omnisexual]]ity. This is apparent when defining bisexuality as attraction to more than one gender, pansexuality as attraction regardless of gender to people of any gender, and omnisexuality as attraction to all genders with gender often still playing a role in those attractions. However, the definitions are very nuanced and can vary per person.<ref name="ABCs">{{ABCs}}</ref>
  +
  +
===Perceptions and Discrimination===
  +
Bisexual ("bi") erasure is one of the most common ways to discriminate against bisexual people. It is the practice of obscuring or denying a bisexual individual's orientation, often in favor of portraying them as either gay/lesbian or straight.<ref name="GLAADbiE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.glaad.org/accordionview/bisexual-erasure|title=Bisexual erasure|publisher=GLAAD|date=2017-05-17|accessdate=January 25, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Bustle">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/5-myths-about-bisexuality-that-contribute-to-bi-erasure-2418689|title=5 Myths About Bisxuality That Contribute To Bi Erasure|publisher=Bustle|author=Rodriguez-Cayl, Kyli|date=2017-09-22|accessdate=January 25, 2022}}</ref> It remains common, and despite efforts from bisexual activists, the cisheteronormative perception of the gender binary continues to affect how bisexuals are perceived.<ref>[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203947470-45/sexual-prejudice-erasure-bisexuals-academia-media Sexual prejudice: The erasure of bisexuals in academia and the media]</ref>
  +
  +
There is a tendency to ignore the existence of bisexuality and assume that a person who has a same-sex relationship or sexual intercourse once is homosexual. However, a study in 2012 found that 76.8% of participants categorized such people as bisexual. Still, they "perceived male targets (who expressed a one-time interest in the other sex) to be more homosexual than comparable female targets were judged to be".<ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19419899.2012.749505 Social perception of bisexuality]</ref> Another study, published in 2021, mentioned that the authors researched the suggestion that "people stereotype bisexual women as truly heterosexual and bisexual men as truly gay" and found that "participants all perceived bisexual men as more attracted to men than to women. No such pattern emerged for bisexual women".<ref>[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ejsp.2773 Bisexual erasure: Perceived attraction patterns of bisexual women and men]</ref>
   
 
==Media==
  
==Media==
  +
According to GLAAD's report Where We Are on TV 16'-17':<ref>[https://glaad.org/files/WWAT/WWAT_GLAAD_2016-2017.pdf Where We Are on TV 16'-17']</ref>
  +
{{Quote
  +
| quote = Of the 278 regular and recurring LGBTQ characters on scripted broadcast, cable, and streaming
  +
programming, 83 (30 percent) are counted as bisexual. This group is made up of 64 women and 19 men [...] In each of the examples listed, the character's identity as bisexual was directly tied to their manipulative and evil actions.
  +
| speaker = GLAAD
  +
| source = [https://glaad.org/files/WWAT/WWAT_GLAAD_2016-2017.pdf Where We Are on TV 16'-17']
  +
}}
  +
 
===Literature===
  
===Literature===
  +
*[[w:c:gossipgirl:Chuck Bass|Chuck Bass]] in [[w:c:gossipgirl|''Gossip Girl'']]{{source}}
−
* [[w:c:marvel::Nadia_Van_Dyne_(Earth-616)|Nadia Van Dyne]] from [[w:c:marvel::Marvel Comics|''Marvel Comics'']]<ref>{{Cite_web|url=https://twitter.com/jrome58/status/1387411597082116100 |title=I do also see her as aromantic or perhaps more specifically Quoiromantic. She loves a lot of people platonically and affectionately in a way that might be mistaken by others as romantic, but doesn't have much interest in pursuing those relationships as romantic. |author=Jeremy Whitley |date=28-04-2021 |publisher=Twitter |archivedate=20230727214113 }}</ref><ref name="MarvelPride23">{{Cite_print |author=Marieke Nijkamp |titlepart=Everything’s Coming Up Aces |title=Marvel's Voices: Pride Vol 3 #1 |publisher=Marvel Comics |date=14-06-2023 }}</ref>
  
  +
*[[w:c:starwars:Chass na Chadic|Chass na Chadic]] in [[w:c:starwars:Star Wars|''Star Wars'']] novels{{source}}
−
* [[w:c:marvel::Gwendolyn Poole (Earth-TRN565)|Gwenpool]] from [[w:c:marvel::Marvel Comics|''Marvel Comics'']]<ref>{{Cite_print |author=Jeremy Whitley |title=Love Unlimited Infinity Comic #48 |publisher=Marvel Comics |date=04-05-2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marvel.com/articles/comics/love-unlimited-gwenpool-interview-creative-team-marvel-unlimited/ |title=Gwenpool Makes an Important Discovery in ‘Love Unlimited: Gwenpool’ #47 |author=Cass Clarke |date=27-04-2023 |publisher=Marvel |archivedate=20230623234018 }}</ref><ref name="MarvelPride23" />
  
  +
*[[w:c:starwars:Sabé|Sabé]] in [[w:c:starwars:Star Wars|''Star Wars'']] novels{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:starwars:Wyl Lark|Wyl Lark]] in [[w:c:starwars:Star Wars|''Star Wars'']] novels{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:starwars:Yrica Quell|Yrica Quell]] in [[w:c:starwars:Star Wars|''Star Wars'']] novels{{source}}
  +
*[https://aliceoseman.fandom.com/wiki/Frances_Janvier Frances Janvier] in ''[https://aliceoseman.fandom.com/wiki/Radio_Silence Radio Silence]''{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:riordan:Apollo|Apollo]] in [[w:c:riordan:The Trials of Apollo|''The Trials of Apollo'']]{{source}}
  +
*Kitty Butler in [[wikipedia:Tipping the Velvet|''Tipping the Velvet'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:vampirechronicles:Armand|Armand]] in [[w:c:vampirechronicles|''The Vampire Chronicles'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:vampirechronicles:David Talbot|David Talbot]] in [[w:c:vampirechronicles|''The Vampire Chronicles'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:vampirechronicles:Lestat de Lioncourt|Lestat de Lioncourt]] in [[w:c:vampirechronicles|''The Vampire Chronicles'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:vampirechronicles:Louis de Pointe du Lac|Louis de Pointe du Lac]] in [[w:c:vampirechronicles|''The Vampire Chronicles'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:vampirechronicles:Marius de Romanus|Marius de Romanus]] in [[w:c:vampirechronicles|''The Vampire Chronicles'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:thegrishaverse:Jesper Fahey|Jesper Fahey]] in ''[[w:c:thegrishaverse:Six of Crows|Six of Crows]]''<ref name="Jesper Fahey"/>
  +
*[https://red-white-and-royal-blue.fandom.com/wiki/Alex_Claremont-Diaz Alex Claremont-Diaz] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red,_White_%26_Royal_Blue Red, White and Royal Blue]''<ref>Alex Claremont-Diaz: https://lgbtqia-characters.fandom.com/wiki/Alex_Claremont-Diaz</ref>
  +
*[https://red-white-and-royal-blue.fandom.com/wiki/Nora_Holleran Nora Holleran] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red,_White_%26_Royal_Blue Red, White and Royal Blue]''
  +
  +
===Film===
  +
*[[w:c:dcextendeduniverse:Harley Quinn|Harley Quinn]] in the [[w:c:dcextendeduniverse:DC Extended Universe|DC Extended Universe]] (first shown in [[w:c:dcextendeduniverse:Birds of Prey (And the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn)|''Birds of Prey (And the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn)'']]){{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:dcextendeduniverse:Peacemaker|Peacemaker]] in the [[w:c:dcextendeduniverse:DC Extended Universe|DC Extended Universe]] (first shown in [[w:c:dcextendeduniverse:Peacemaker_(TV_series)|''Peacemaker'']])
  +
*Lorraine Broughton in [[w:c:moviedatabase:Atomic Blonde|''Atomic Blonde'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:scottpilgrim:Ramona Flowers|Ramona Flowers]] in [[w:c:scottpilgrim|''Scott Pilgrim vs. the World'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:marvelcinematicuniverse:Valkyrie|Valkyrie]] in the [[w:c:marvelcinematicuniverse|Marvel Cinematic Universe]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/22/entertainment/valkyrie-bisexual-tessa-thompson-bi-lgbt-marvel-trnd/index.html|title=Valkyrie is now the first LGBTQ Marvel movie superhero, but she’s been bi forever}}</ref>
  +
*[[w:c:marvelcinematicuniverse:Loki|Loki]] in the [[w:c:marvelcinematicuniverse|Marvel Cinematic Universe]]{{source}}
  +
  +
===Television/Animated===
  +
*[[w:c:bobsburgers:Bob Belcher|Bob Belcher]] in ''[[w:c:bobsburgers:Bob's Burgers|Bob's Burgers]]''{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:avatar:Korra|Korra]] in ''[[w:c:avatar:The Legend of Korra|The Legend of Korra]]''{{source}}
  +
*[https://avatar.fandom.com/wiki/Asami_Sato Asami Sato] in [https://avatar.fandom.com/wiki/The_Legend_of_Korra ''The Legend of Korra'']{{source}}
  +
*[https://she-raandtheprincessesofpower.fandom.com/wiki/Bow Bow] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She-Ra_and_the_Princesses_of_Power She-Ra and the Princesses of Power]''
  +
*[[w:c:arrow:Sara Lance|Sara Lance]] in the [[w:c:arrow:Arrowverse|''Arrowverse'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:lostgirl:Bo|Bo]] in [[w:c:lostgirl:Season 1|''Lost Girl'']]{{source}}
  +
*[https://shadowhunters.fandom.com/pt-br/wiki/Magnus_Bane Magnus Bane] in [https://shadowhunters.fandom.com/pt-br/f ''Shadowhunters'']{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:jojo:Dio Brando|Dio Brando]] in [[w:c:jojo:Main Page|''JoJo's Bizarre Adventure'']] <ref name="CBR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbr.com/queer-anime-characters/|author=Baron, Reuben|title=20 Crucial Queer Representations in Anime (for Better or Worse)|publisher=CBR|date=2018-06-22}}</ref>
  +
*[[w:c:brooklyn99:Rosa Diaz|Rosa Diaz]] in [[w:c:brooklyn99|''Brooklyn Nine-Nine'']]<ref name="SR">{{Cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/brooklyn-nine-rosa-diaz-bisexual-icon/|title=Brooklyn Nine-Nine: Ten Times Rosa Diaz Was A Bisexual Icon|author=Flavell, Leah|publisher=Screenrant|date=2019-10-02|accessdate=January 27, 2022}}</ref><ref name="PN">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/05/21/brooklyn-nine-nine-rosa-diaz-bisexual-panic-gina-rodriguez/|title=Brooklyn Nine-Nine fans are here for Rosa's 'bisexual panic' over new love interest|author=West, Amy|publisher=Pink News|date=2018-05-28|accessdate=January 27, 2022}}</ref>
  +
*[[w:c:harleyquinn:Harley Quinn|Harley Quinn]] in ''[[w:c:Harley Quinn (TV series)|Harley Quinn]]''{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:harleyquinn:Poison Ivy|Poison Ivy]] in ''[[w:c:Harley Quinn (TV series)|Harley Quinn]]''{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:marvelcinematicuniverse:Loki|Loki]] in [[w:c:marvelcinematicuniverse:Loki (TV series)|''Loki'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:alpha-betas-youtube-series:Eddie|Eddie]] in [[w:c:alpha-betas-youtube-series:Alpha Betas|''Alpha Betas'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:criticalrole:Scanlan_Shorthalt|Scanlan Shortholt]] in [[w:c:criticalrole:The Legend of Vox Machina|''The Legend of Vox Machina'']] & [[w:c:criticalrole:Critical_Role|''Critical Role'']]{{source}}
  +
*[https://sexeducation.fandom.com/wiki/Adam_Groff Adam Groff] from ''[https://sexeducation.fandom.com/wiki/Sex_Education_Wiki Sex Education]''{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:theowlhouse:Luz Noceda|Luz Noceda]] in ''[[w:c:theowlhouse:The Owl House (series)|''The Owl House'']]<ref name="Thanks to Them">''The Owl House'' Season Three Episode One "Thanks to Them"</ref>
  +
*[[w:c:theowlhouse:Hunter|Hunter]] in ''[[w:c:theowlhouse:The Owl House (series)|''The Owl House'']]<ref name="April Post-Hoot">{{Cite web |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Crm0-PTNOnp/ |title=The "watching and dreaming" PostHoot with the one and only Dana Terrace! |author=Cissy Jones |date=April 28, 2023 |nobackup=1}}</ref>
  +
*[[w:c:myheroacademia:Himiko Toga|Himiko Toga]] in ''[[w:c:myheroacademia:My Hero Academia (Anime)|''My Hero Academia'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:the100:Clarke Griffin|Clarke Griffin]] in ''[[w:c:the100:The 100|''The 100'']]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/features/the-100-season-3-clexa-clarke-bisexual-1201685357/|title=‘The 100’ Showrunner Talks Clarke’s Sexuality, Lexa’s Return and Season 3 Stakes|quote=But it did become important to make it a female partner, because I felt like it needed it to be clear that she is bisexual. I usually don’t make decisions based on that. But I didn’t want there to be any doubt about it.}}</ref>
  +
*[[w:c:cxg:Darryl Whitefeather|Darryl Whitefeather]] in [[w:c:cxg:Crazy Ex-Girlfriend|''Crazy Ex-Girlfriend'']]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gettin' Bi: ‘Crazy Ex-Girlfriend’s Darryl Whitefeather Destroys Bisexual Stereotypes|url=https://theseriesregulars.com/gettin-bi-crazy-ex-girlfriends-darryl-whitefeather-destroys-bisexual-stereotypes/}}</ref>
  +
*[[w:c:amphibia:Sasha Waybright|Sasha Waybright]] in [[w:c:amphibia:Amphibia|''Amphibia'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:riverdale:Toni Topaz|Toni Topaz]] in [[w:c:riverdale:Riverdale|''Riverdale'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:everythingsucks:Emaline Addario|Emaline Addario]] in [[w:c:fandom.com:Everything Sucks|''Everything Sucks'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:deadendia:Norma Khan|Norma Khan]] in ''[[w:c:deadendia:Dead End: Paranormal Park|Dead End: Paranormal Park]]''
  +
*[https://aliceoseman.fandom.com/wiki/Nick_Nelson Nick Nelson] in ''[https://aliceoseman.fandom.com/wiki/Heartstopper Heartstopper]''{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:the-boys:Queen Maeve|Queen Maeve]] in [[w:c:the-boys:The Boys (TV series)|''The Boys'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:venturebrothers:Colonel Gentleman|Colonel Gentleman]] in [[w:c:venturebrothers:The Venture Bros.|''The Venture Bros.'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:thewalkingdead:Victor Strand (Fear)|Victor Strand]] in [[w:c:thewalkingdead:Fear the Walking Dead|''Fear the Walking Dead'']] <small>(Confirmed in-universe to be bisexual; implied in an out-of-universe interview to be [[pansexual]])</small>
  +
*[[w:c:thegrishaverse:Jesper Fahey (Netflix)|Jesper Fahey]] in ''[[w:c:thegrishaverse:Shadow and Bone (TV Series)|Shadow and Bone]]''<ref name="Jesper Fahey">{{Cite web|title=Kit Young on Jesper and how Shadow and Bone handles queerness|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/ustv/a36117402/shadow-and-bone-jesper-queer-sex-bisexual/|author=David Opie ft Kit Young|date=April 25, 2021}}</ref>
  +
*[[w:c:lucifer:Lucifer_Morningstar|Lucifer Morningstar]] in [[w:c:lucifer:Lucifer_(TV_series)|''Lucifer'']] <small>(Also been referred to as [[pansexual]] by the show's writers <ref>https://twitter.com/LUCIFERwriters/status/848629312857063424</ref>)</small>
  +
*[[w:c:lucifer:Mazikeen_Smith|Mazikeen Smith]] in [[w:c:lucifer:Lucifer_(TV_series)|''Lucifer'']]
  +
*[[w:c:greysanatomy:Callie_Torres|Callie Torres]] in [[w:c:greysanatomy:Grey%27s_Anatomy|Grey's Anatomy]]
  +
*[[w:c:greysanatomy:Amelia_Shepherd|Amelia Shepherd]] in [[w:c:greysanatomy:Grey%27s_Anatomy|Grey's Anatomy]] & [[w:c:greysanatomy:Private_Practice|Private Practice]]
  +
*[https://eddsworld.fandom.com/wiki/Tom Tom] in ''[https://eddsworld.fandom.com/wiki/Eddsworld Eddsworld]''<ref>https://www.instagram.com/p/Cs80lSvMzES/</ref>
  +
*[https://tmra-series.fandom.com/wiki/Malik_Magistral Malik Magistral] from [https://tmra-series.fandom.com/wiki/TMRA_(series) ''Time Majesty: Ruffus Adventures''] (confirmed by creator and throughout ''[https://tmra-series.fandom.com/wiki/TMRA_Shorts_(series) TMRA Shorts]'')<ref name=":4">https://youtu.be/IW1fZAIu7aY</ref>
  +
*[https://tmra-series.fandom.com/wiki/Nostalgia_Homesick Nostalgia Homesick] from [https://tmra-series.fandom.com/wiki/TMRA_(series) ''Time Majesty: Ruffus Adventures''] (confirmed by creator and throughout ''[https://tmra-series.fandom.com/wiki/TMRA_Shorts_(series) TMRA Shorts]'')<ref name=":4" />
  +
*Wendy Corduroy from Gravity Falls ( confirmed by creator )<ref>mystery shack lookback podcast</ref>
  +
  +
===Comic books===
  +
*[[dcdatabase:Harleen Quinzel (Prime Earth)|Harleen Quinzel (Harley Quinn)]] in [[dcdatabase:DC Comics|''DC Comics'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[dcdatabase:Pamela Isley (Prime Earth)|Pamela Isley (Poison Ivy)]] in [[dcdatabase:DC Comics|''DC Comics'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[dcdatabase:Minhkhoa Khan (Prime Earth)|Minhkhoa "Khoa" Khan (Ghost-Maker)]] in [[dcdatabase:DC Comics|''DC Comics'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[dcdatabase:Timothy Drake (Prime Earth)|Tim Drake (Robin/Red Robin)]] in [[dcdatabase:DC Comics|''DC Comics'']]{{source}}
  +
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Constantine John Constantine] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Comics DC Comics]''{{source}}
  +
*[[dcdatabase:Catwoman (Selina Kyle)|Selina Kyle (Catwoman)]] in [[dcdatabase:DC Comics|''DC Comics'']]{{source}}
  +
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojourner_Mullein Jo Mullein (Green Lantern)] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Comics DC Comics]''{{source}}
  +
*[[dcdatabase:Wonder Woman (Diana Prince)|Diana (Wonder Woman)]] in [[dcdatabase:DC Comics|''DC Comics'']]{{source}}
  +
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippolyta_(DC_Comics) Hippolyta] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Comics DC Comics]''{{source}}
  +
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_of_Bana-Mighdall Artemis] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Comics DC Comics]''{{source}}
  +
*[[dcdatabase:Jonathan_Samuel_Kent_(Prime_Earth)|Jonathan Samuel Kent (Superman)]] in [[dcdatabase:DC Comics|''DC Comics'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[dcdatabase:Thomas_Blake_(Prime_Earth)|Thomas Blake (Catman)]] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Comics DC Comics]''<ref>Catman (DC Comics): https://www.thedailybeast.com/gail-simones-bisexual-catman-and-the-secret-six</ref>
  +
*[[marveldatabase:Peter Quill (Earth-616)|Peter Quill (Star Lord)]] in [[marveldatabase:Marvel Comics|''Marvel Comics'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[marveldatabase:Thomas_Shepherd_(Earth-616)|Thomas Shepherd (Speed)]] in [[marveldatabase:Marvel Comics|''Marvel Comics'']]{{source}}
  +
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nico_Minoru Nico Minoru (Sister Grimm)] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Comics Marvel Comics]''{{source}}
  +
*[[marveldatabase:David_Alleyne_(Earth-616)|David Alleyne (Prodigy) ]] in [[marveldatabase:Marvel Comics|''Marvel Comics'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[marveldatabase:Akihiro_(Earth-616)|Daken]] in [[marveldatabase:Marvel Comics|''Marvel Comics'']]{{source}}
  +
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_(Marvel_Comics) Hercules] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noh-Varr Noh-Varr] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Comics Marvel Comics]''{{source}}
  +
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkyrie_(Marvel_Comics) Valkyrie] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Comics Marvel Comics]''{{source}}
  +
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitty_Pryde Kate Pryde (Red Queen)] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Comics Marvel Comics]''{{source}}
  +
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystique_(character) Raven Darkholme (Mystique)] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Comics Marvel Comics]''{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:scottpilgrim:Ramona_Flowers|Ramona Flowers]] in [[w:c:scottpilgrim:Scott Pilgrim|''Scott Pilgrim'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:scottpilgrim:Kim Pine|Kim Pine]] in [[w:c:scottpilgrim:Scott Pilgrim|''Scott Pilgrim'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:scottpilgrim:Jimmy|Jimmy]] in [[w:c:scottpilgrim:Scott Pilgrim|''Scott Pilgrim'']]{{source}}
  +
*[https://aliceoseman.fandom.com/wiki/Nick_Nelson Nick Nelson] in ''[https://aliceoseman.fandom.com/wiki/Heartstopper Heartstopper]''{{source}}
  +
*Lucas "Luc" Cazenave from ''[https://www.webtoons.com/en/challenge/summer-boo/list?title_no=645685&page=1 Summer Boo]''{{source}}
  +
*[https://star-wars-canon-extended.fandom.com/wiki/Sana_Starros#:~:text=Sana%20Starros%20was%20a%20Human,Han%20Solo%20and%20Lando%20Calrissian. Sanna Starros] in [https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Star_Wars_Vol._1:_Skywalker_Strikes Star Wars Comics]
  +
*Thomas "Tommy" Shepard (Speed) in Marvel Comics
  +
===Video Games===
  +
*[[w:c:apexlegends:Loba|Loba Andrade]] in [[w:c:apexlegends|''Apex Legends'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:thelastofus:Dina|Dina]] in [[w:c:thelastofus:The Last of Us Part II|''The Last of Us Part II'']]{{source}}
  +
*[[w:c:catherine:Vincent Brooks|Vincent Brooks]] in [[w:c:catherine|"Catherine"]]{{source}}
   
−
===Public Figures===
 +
===Music===
  +
*Anitta (Brazilian Singer)<ref>Anitta: [https://www.howardstern.com/news/2023/05/03/latin-pop-superstar-anitta-talks-bisexuality-butt-tattoos-vaginal-cologne-and-working-with-madonna/#:~:text=Anitta%2C%20who%20is%20bisexual%20but,say%20never%2C%E2%80%9D%20Anitta%20responded. https://www.howardstern.com/news/2023/05/03/latin-pop-superstar-anitta-talks-bisexuality-butt-tattoos-vaginal-cologne-and-working-with-madonna/#:~:text=Anitta%2C%20who%20is%20bisexual%20but,say%20never%2C%E2%80%9D%20Anitta%20responded.]</ref>
−
* [[w:c:aliceoseman:Alice Oseman|Alice Oseman]]<ref name="Alice Oseman">{{Cite_web |url=https://acesandaros.org/stories/loveless-interview |title='Loveless' author Alice Oseman on why aroace representation in fiction is important |author=Laura |date=2020-07-08 |work=[https://acesandaros.org aces & aros] |archivedate=20220221224105}}</ref>
  
−
* [[w:c:youtube:Jaiden Animations|Jaiden]] from Jaiden Animations<ref name="JaidenAnimations">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qF1DTK4U1AM|title=Being Not Straight|author=Jaiden Animations|publisher=Youtube|date=2022-03-21}}</ref>
 +
*Bessie Smith<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bi.org/en/famous/bessie-smith|title=Bessie Smith|author=Bi.org}}</ref>
  +
*Billie Joe Armstrong (Green Day)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bi.org/en/famous/billie-joe-armstrong|title=Billie Joe Armstrong|author=Bi.org}}</ref>
  +
*Dave Davies (The Kinks)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsoutherngentleman.wordpress.com/2014/06/25/dave-davies-kink-rock-star-same-as-he-ever-was|title=Dave Davies’ Kink: Rock Star Same as He Ever Was…|date=June 24, 2014|author=Jim Booth}}</ref>
  +
*David Bowie<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/14/style/was-he-gay-bisexual-or-bowie-yes.html|title=Was He Gay, Bisexual or Bowie? Yes|date=January 13, 2016|author=Katie Rogers}}</ref>
  +
*Debbie Harry (Blondie)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/10/29/debbie-harry-bisexual-blondie-sexuality-homo-sapiens-podcast/|title=Blondie icon Debbie Harry ‘always felt entitled’ to bisexuality and to being ‘the man she wanted to be’|author=Reiss Smith|date=October 29, 2020}}</ref>
  +
*Dodie Clark<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2017/07/03/beautiful-bisexual-coming-out-song-goes-viral/|title=Beautiful bisexual coming out song by YouTube star Dodie Clark goes viral|author=Josh Jackman|date=July 3, 2017}}</ref>
  +
*[[w:c:dovecameron:Dove Cameron|Dove Cameron]]<ref>https://people.com/tv/dove-cameron-shares-how-her-life-has-changed-since-coming-out-queer/</ref>
  +
*Eric Emerson{{source}}
  +
*Freddie Mercury, British singer and frontman for the band Queen<ref name="The Queeriodic Table">{{Cite print|title=The Queeriodic Table: A Celebration of LGBTQ+ Culture|author=Dyer, Harriet|publisher=Summersdale Publishers Ltd|date=2019|isbn=9781786857521}}</ref><ref name:"bi.org">{{Cite web|url=https://bi.org/en/famous/freddie-mercury|title=Freddie Mercury|author=American Institute of Bisexuality|publisher=American Institute of Bisexuality Journal of Bisexuality}}</ref>
  +
*Iggy Pop (The Stooges){{source}}
  +
*Jane Wiedlin (The Go-Go’s){{source}}
  +
*Janelle Monáe{{source}}
  +
*Janis Joplin (Big Brother and the Holding Company){{source}}
  +
*Jão (Brazilian Singer)<ref>Jão: https://noticiasdatv.uol.com.br/noticia/feed/jao-assume-bissexualidade-e-abre-o-coracao-ja-namorei-meninos-e-meninas-63837</ref>
  +
*John Lennon (The Beatles){{source}}
  +
*Kate Pierson (The B-52’s){{source}}
  +
*Kehlani{{source}}
  +
*Kurt Cobain (Nirvana){{source}}
  +
*Lady Gaga<ref>https://www.mtv.com/news/qnfrtq/lady-gaga-opens-up-about-her-sexuality</ref>
  +
*Lil Nas X<ref>https://twitter.com/LilNasX/status/1612596434502815746?cxt=HHwWhMDQybn6i-EsAAAA</ref><ref>https://twitter.com/LilNasX/status/1612938000874471426?cxt=HHwWhIDQrZ2kp-IsAAAA</ref>
  +
*Little Richard{{source}}
  +
*Ma Rainey, African-American blues singer who sang songs about loving both men and women<ref name="The Queeriodic Table" />
  +
*Marc Bolan{{source}}
  +
*Melanie Martinez<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Martinez</ref>
  +
*Meshell Ndegeocello{{source}}
  +
*Mick Jagger (The Rolling Stones){{source}}
  +
*Morrissey (The Smiths){{source}}
  +
*Perry Farrell (Jane's Addiction){{source}}
  +
*Pete Shelley (Buzzcocks){{source}}
  +
*Pete Townshed (The Who){{source}}
  +
*Phil May (Pretty Things){{source}}
  +
*Ray Davies (The Kinks){{source}}
  +
*Siouxsie Sioux{{source}}
  +
*Tinashe<ref name="Tinashe">{{Cite_web |url=https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/culture/tinashe-gets-candid-about-her-bisexuality-as-she-covers-gay-times-magazine |title=Tinashe gets candid about her bisexuality as she covers GAY TIMES Magazine |author=Damshenas, Sam |date=2020-08-28 |work=[https://www.gaytimes.co.uk Gay Times]}}</ref>
   
−
===Television===
 +
===Public figures===
  +
*Alan Cumming, Scottish actor who has also campaigned for charities such as The Trevor Project and GLAAD<ref name="The Queeriodic Table" />
  +
*Alia Shawkat<ref name="Alia">{{Cite web|url=https://www.out.com/entertainment/2017/5/11/actress-alia-shawkat-bold-projects-broad-city-being-queer-america|title=Actress Alia Shawkat on Bold Projects, Broad City & Being Queer in America|author=Osenlund, R. Kurt|publisher=Out|date=May 11, 2017}}</ref>
  +
*Bai Ling<ref name="Bai">{{Cite web|url=https://www.glaad.org/2009/12/18/actress-bai-ling-discusses-her-bisexuality|title=Actress Bai Ling Discusses Her Bisexuality|publisher=GLAAD|date=December 18, 2009}}</ref>
  +
*[[w:c:benjikrol:Benji Krol|Benji Krol]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=228TRb46q_E</ref>
  +
*[[wikipedia:Brenda Howard|Brenda Howard]], the "Mother of Pride"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.them.us/story/brenda-howard#:~:text=Meet%20%22The%20Mother%20of%20Pride,know%20it%20wouldn't%20exist.|title=Meet "The Mother of Pride," The Pioneering Bisexual Activist Brenda Howard|author=Elyssa Goodman}}</ref>
  +
*Jack Dylan Grazer<ref>https://people.com/human-interest/jack-dylan-grazer-comes-out-as-bisexual-uses-he-they-pronouns-luca/</ref>
  +
* Javicia Leslie{{source}}
  +
*Jen Richards{{source}}
  +
*Joan Stokes{{source}}
  +
*Jon Cozart{{source}}
  +
*Justin Gardner (AKA DIY Audio Guy)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/@DIYAudioGuy/about|title=DIY Audio Guy - About|publisher=DIY Audio Guy|date=January 24}}</ref>
  +
*Kristen Stewart{{source}}
  +
*Margaret Cho<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/margaret-cho-bisexuality-pride_n_5b27b980e4b0783ae12b754e|title=Margaret Cho: 'Nobody Has Ever Really Accepted That I’m Truly Bisexual'}}</ref>
  +
*Marlene Dietrich, German actress who was known to have relationships with both men and women<ref name="The Queeriodic Table" />
  +
*Robin Ochs{{source}}
  +
*Sheryl Swoopes{{source}}
  +
*Tessa Thompson<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a22002680/tessa-thomspon-bisexual-janelle-monae/|title=Tessa Thompson Comes Out as Bisexual and Says She and Janelle Monáe "Love Each Other Deeply"}}</ref>
  +
*Karan Brar<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/karan-brar-how-i-found-myself|title=Karan Brar: How I Found Myself|author=Karan Brar|date=November 30, 2023}}</ref>
   
  +
=== Other ===
−
*[[w:c:theowlhouse:Lilith Clawthorne|Lilith Clawthorne]] from [[w:c:theowlhouse:The Owl House Wiki|''The Owl House'']]<ref>https://twitter.com/cissyspeaks/status/1503188885953605635?s=20&t=lsNHpOU5pBZxAa0mB9ukXg</ref><ref>https://www.instagram.com/p/CbQxEx_rVEO/</ref>
  
−
*[[w:c:hazbinhotel:Alastor|Alastor]] from [[w:c:hazbinhotel:Hazbin_Hotel_(series)|''Hazbin Hotel'']]<ref>https://youtu.be/y5ONxBZoR0A?t=3682 (1:03:13)</ref>
  
−
*[[w:c:steven-universe.fandom.com:Peridot|Peridot]] from [[w:c:steven-universe:Steven Universe|''Steven Universe'']]<ref>https://twitter.com/rnn_tweet/status/1237596056746987520</ref>
  
−
*[https://eddsworld.fandom.com/wiki/Edd Edd] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddsworld Eddsworld]<ref>https://www.instagram.com/p/Cs80lSvMzES/</ref>
  
−
*[https://aliceoseman.fandom.com/wiki/Isaac_Henderson Issac Henderson] from the [https://aliceoseman.fandom.com/wiki/Heartstopper_(TV_series) Heartstopper] TV show
  
   
  +
* [https://hazbinhotel.fandom.com/wiki/Charlie_Morningstar Charlie Morningstar] (Hazbin Hotel) <ref>Vivienne Medrano 💖 on Twitter: "Today has been nonstop so decided to make my break doodle somethin' tiny for Bi-day 💕 <nowiki>https://t.co/n6cIMEHXTY</nowiki>" / Twitter</ref>
−
=== Web Series ===
  
  +
* [https://hazbinhotel.fandom.com/wiki/Cherri_Bomb Cherri Bomb] (Hazbin Hotel) <ref>1957ed5d-fe61-4854-85c7-2c4d153e15f0 (1080×2400) (nocookie.net)</ref>
  +
* [https://hazbinhotel.fandom.com/wiki/Moxxie Moxxie] (Helluva Boss) <ref>Vivienne Medrano 💖 on Twitter: "Today has been nonstop so decided to make my break doodle somethin' tiny for Bi-day 💕 <nowiki>https://t.co/n6cIMEHXTY</nowiki>" / Twitter</ref>
  +
* [https://hazbinhotel.fandom.com/wiki/Chazwick_Thurman Chazwick Thurman] (Helluva Boss)<ref>(1) Helluva Boss except it's just Chaz - YouTube</ref>
   
  +
==Resources==
−
* [https://lgbtqia-characters.fandom.com/wiki/Caduceus_Clay Caduceus Clay] from [https://criticalrole.fandom.com/wiki/Critical_Role Critical Role] <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGcLpm4iEBg&t=2733s</ref>
  
  +
*[https://biresource.org/ Bisexual Resource Center]
  +
*[https://bi.org/en Bi.org]
  +
*[https://bivisibilityday.com/ Bi Visibility Day]
   
−
==See Also==
 +
==Notes==
  +
<references group="note" />
−
*[[Aromantic]]
  
−
*[[Asexual]]
  
   
 
==References==
  
==References==
 
{{Scroll|{{Reflist}}}}
  
{{Scroll|{{Reflist}}}}
−
[[Category:Terminology]]
  
−
[[Category:A-spec]]
  
−
[[Category:Romantic orientation]]
  
−
[[Category:Sexual orientation]]
  
   
−
[[de:AroAce]]
 +
[[de:Bisexuell]]
−
[[es:Arroace]]
 +
[[pt-br:Bissexualidade]]
−
[[pt-br:Aroace]]
 +
[[es:Bisexualidad]]
 
[[Category:Umbrellas and spectrums]]
  
[[Category:Umbrellas and spectrums]]

Revision as of 22:28, 30 March 2024

Bisexual, also abbreviated as bi, is a sexual orientation encompassing sexual attraction to multiple genders and/or sexes, with various definitions that include:

  • Attraction to men and women[1]
  • Attraction to two or more sexes or genders[1][2][3][4]
  • Attraction to one's own gender and to at least one other[1][4]
  • Attraction to all sexes or genders[1][2]
  • Attraction regardless of gender or sex[1][2]

Some bisexual people experience different kinds of attractions to the genders or sexes they are attracted to, or may feel attracted to different sexes or genders over time.[1] Bisexuals may feel equally attracted[4] or may be primarily attracted or more strongly attracted to one or more of them compared to the other(s).[1][4] Bisexuality is also an umbrella term for multiple attractions, the definitions of which overlap. Individuals may have a preference in which specific label they use or draw distinctions between bisexuality and other labels, such as pansexual and omnisexual.[2]

Etymology

"Bisexual" comes from the roots "bi-", meaning "two" or "double", and "-sexual". The term "bisexuality", when referring to sexual orientation, was first used by neurologist Charles Gilbert Chaddock in his English translation of Psychopathia Sexualis in 1892, which contained a theory that the brain of a person attracted both to their own sex and the opposite sex must be partly of another sex and thus "hermaphroditic".[5] Earlier, it was a botanical term for "having male and female parts".[6]

Community

Bi Visibility Day has been internationally celebrated on September 23 since 1999. It varies in several countries, though, being the 16th, 24th, or 25th instead.[7]

History

Ancient history

In ancient China and Japan, both homosexuality and bisexuality were documented, including men who had sex with men and women who had sex with women. Ancient Japanese shunga art prints depict sexual relationships in complex detail, including same-sex relations. Ancient China had similar artwork.[8] Ancient Greek religious texts, which reflected cultural practices, had bisexual themes throughout. Ancient Greece is generally considered to have been accepting of LGBTQIA+ individuals, though attitudes differed in various city-states.[9] In terms of social acceptance in ancient Rome, a freeborn Roman man could have sex with both men and women, as long as he took the penetrative role.[10] The Roman emperor Caligula had relationships with both men and women.[11][12]

19th century

Starting from 19th century, historians documented multiple self-declared or openly living as bisexual historical figures, being able to describe them in more detail than ancient figures. These include several well-known writers, singers and artists; however, living openly as a bisexual person was rare due to stigma. The famous writer Hans Christian Andersen (1805 - 1875) is described to be bisexual, as he describes attraction to both men and women in his correspondence and diary; his male love interests include Edvard Collin, who preferred women and found himself "unable to respond to this love".[13][14] Lord Byron (1788 - 1824), an English poet, one of the leading figures of the Romanticism, had many relationships with women and men, and his bisexuality is acknowledged by historians.[15]

Early 20th century

During the Harlem Renaissance, blues singers Ma Rainey (1886–1939) and Bessie Smith (1894–1937) openly acknowledged bisexuality in their lyrics and life and are considered bisexual.[16][17] Poet Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892–1950) was also openly bisexual.[18]

The Kinsey Scale

The Kinsey Scale

The Kinsey scale was originally created by Alfred Kinsey and published in his 1948 book Sexual Behavior in the Human Male.

The sex researcher Alfred Kinsey and his team published the Kinsey Scale in 1948, to illustrate that sexual attraction and behavior can vary on a wide spectrum. The seven-point scale ranges from 0 ("exclusively heterosexual") to 6 ("exclusively homosexual"). Those who fall somewhere in the 1-5 category are labelled as bisexual. The scale shows that there is a whole range of experiences other than being heterosexual or homosexual.[19][20]

1960s and 1970s

In New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. between 1965 and 1969 multiple pickets were staged to fight for LGBTQIA+ rights. One woman at the second White House picket declared herself as bisexual.[21] Many bisexual individuals took part in the Stonewall riots in 1969, a key historical event for the entire LGBTQIA+ community. Brenda Howard, a known bisexual activist, is known as the Mother of Pride, because she created a one-month Stonewall anniversary rally in July 1969 and then took part in coordinating the Christopher Street Liberation Day Parade in 1970, known as the first pride march[22]

In 1972, a Quaker group (an American religious assembly), the Committee of Friends on Bisexuality, supported the bisexual people in the "Ithaca Statement on Bisexuality", being the possibly first known religious group to support the bisexual community in the United States.[23]

Freddie Mercury (1946 - 1991) is one of the most famous self-declared bisexual men. Many speculate about his sexuality, but it is known he came out to his girlfriend, Mary Austin, in 1976.[24][25]

The Klein Grid

The Klein Grid

The Klein Grid

The Klein Grid is a way to describe sexuality and it is also known as the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid (KSOG). The psychiatrist and sex researcher Fritz Klein published the Klein Grid in 1978 to provide a more nuanced way to describe human sexuality. It includes past and present experiences and one's "ideal" experience they'd wish to have, and multiple labels to describe the experiences. One can include their behavior, attraction, fantasies, lifestyle and preferences and describe them with a multitude of labels containing words "only", "somewhat more", "most" and such. The grid illustrates fluidity and complexity of everyone's sexual identity.[20][26]

1980s and 1990s

When the HIV/AIDS pandemic began, bisexual activists fought for their recognition; they also fought for cisgender women, transgender people, and injection drug users to be recognized as victims of the pandemic and supported. One of them was a Black woman, Veneita Porter, who advocated for these groups and was known to be bisexual; she was an activist of the Prostitute's Union of Massachusetts and the Call Off Your Old Tired Ethics organization.[27] In 1985, the Bisexual Resource Center (BRC) was founded as the East Coast Bisexual Network.[28] In 1987, the article "The Bisexual Movement: Are We Visible Yet?" by Lani Ka'ahumanu appeared in the official Civil Disobedience Handbook for the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights and was the first article from the bisexual community in a national lesbian or gay publication in the United States of America.[29]

In 1992, Colorado voters approved the 1992 Colorado Amendment 2 that prevented any city, town, or county in the state from taking any legislative, executive, or judicial action to introduce anti-discrimination law protecting gay, lesbian, or bisexual people. The Supreme Court ruled in a 6–3 decision that the amendment did not satisfy the Equal Protection Clause.[30]

Modern history

The Union for Reform Judaism in 2003 issued a resolution "Support for the Inclusion and Acceptance of the Transgender and Bisexual Communities", which applied their policy supporting rights of the gay and lesbian communities to the bisexual and transgender communities.[31]

Flag

The bisexual pride flag was designed by a team led by LGBT activist Michael Page in 1998. The flag was created in order to give the bisexual community its own symbol which was easily recognized and comparable to the gay pride flag (rainbow flag) that represented the larger LGBTQIA+ community. Page's aim was to increase the visibility of bisexual people, both among society as a whole and within the community.[32]

Two interlocking triangles in the colours of the bi flag

The biangles

Page took the colors of the bisexual pride flag from an existing bisexual symbol, the biangles (bisexuality triangles).[32] The biangles were created for the Boston Bi Woman's Community by the artist Liz Nania.[33]

The pink color represents sexual attraction to the same sex only (gay and lesbian). The blue represents sexual attraction to the opposite sex only (straight) and the resultant overlap color purple represents sexual attraction to both sexes (bi).

Michael Page, The History of the Bi Pride Flag
Two interlocking crescents in the colours of the bi flag

The bisexual crescents

A number of bisexual people prefer to use the bisexual crescents (also called the double moon) instead of the bi triangles as their community symbol, as they want to avoid using a symbol that derives from the pink triangle, which was used to tag and persecute homosexual people in the Nazi regime. This symbol was created by Vivian Wagner with a team in 1998.[34]

Distinction

Depending on the definitions used for the terms, bisexuality may be distinct from, but similar, to pansexuality and omnisexuality. This is apparent when defining bisexuality as attraction to more than one gender, pansexuality as attraction regardless of gender to people of any gender, and omnisexuality as attraction to all genders with gender often still playing a role in those attractions. However, the definitions are very nuanced and can vary per person.[35]

Perceptions and Discrimination

Bisexual ("bi") erasure is one of the most common ways to discriminate against bisexual people. It is the practice of obscuring or denying a bisexual individual's orientation, often in favor of portraying them as either gay/lesbian or straight.[36][37] It remains common, and despite efforts from bisexual activists, the cisheteronormative perception of the gender binary continues to affect how bisexuals are perceived.[38]

There is a tendency to ignore the existence of bisexuality and assume that a person who has a same-sex relationship or sexual intercourse once is homosexual. However, a study in 2012 found that 76.8% of participants categorized such people as bisexual. Still, they "perceived male targets (who expressed a one-time interest in the other sex) to be more homosexual than comparable female targets were judged to be".[39] Another study, published in 2021, mentioned that the authors researched the suggestion that "people stereotype bisexual women as truly heterosexual and bisexual men as truly gay" and found that "participants all perceived bisexual men as more attracted to men than to women. No such pattern emerged for bisexual women".[40]

Media

According to GLAAD's report Where We Are on TV 16'-17':[41]

Of the 278 regular and recurring LGBTQ characters on scripted broadcast, cable, and streaming programming, 83 (30 percent) are counted as bisexual. This group is made up of 64 women and 19 men [...] In each of the examples listed, the character's identity as bisexual was directly tied to their manipulative and evil actions.

GLAAD, Where We Are on TV 16'-17'

Literature

Film

Television/Animated

Comic books

Video Games

Music

Public figures

Other

Resources

Notes

  1. ↑ The differences between multisexual labels such as bisexual, omnisexual, pansexual, and polysexual depend on the definitions used. Some sources distinguish each label, while others use the same or similar language.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "What is Bisexuality?" (2022). bi.org. Bi.org.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Bisexual Resource Center: "What is Bisexuality?". biresource.org.
  3. ↑ American Psychological Association: "Understanding Bisexuality". apa.org.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Bisexuality: What Does It Mean?" (2021-06-28). webmd.com. WebMD.
  5. ↑ Kraft-Ebbing, Richard. Psychopathia Sexualis. Chaddock, Charles Gilbert, 1892. (web archive)
  6. ↑ de Beauvois, M.. Memoir of Observations on the Plants denominated Cryptogamick. American Philosophical Society, 1793. (web archive)
  7. ↑ "Bi Visibility Day". bivisibilityday.com.
  8. ↑ Forbidden images: erotic art from Japan's Edo period. Helsingen kaupungin taidemuseo. English. (web archive)
  9. ↑ Cohen, David: "Law, Sexuality, and Society: The Enforcement of Morals in Classical Athens" (2011). cambridge.org. Cambridge University Press.
  10. ↑ Richlin, Amy: "The Garden of Priapus: Sexuality and Aggression in Roman Humor" [English]. books.google.com. Oxford University Press.
  11. ↑ Tranquillus, C. Seutonius: "Suetonius, The Lives of the Caesars" (1913). penelope.uchicago.edu. Loeb Classical Library.
  12. ↑ Dio, Cassius: "Roman History" (1924). penelope.uchicago.edu. Loeb Classical Library.
  13. ↑ Booth, Michael. Just As Well I'm Leaving: To the Orient With Hans Christian Andersen. Random House. English. (web archive)
  14. ↑ Anderson, Hans Christian. Hans Christian Andersen's Correspondence with the Late Grand-Duke of Saxe-Weimar, Charles Dickens. Dean & Son, 1891. English. (web archive)
  15. ↑ Jackson, Emily: "Least Like Saints: The Vexed Issue of Byron's Sexuality" (2010). muse.jhu.edu. Liverpool University Press.
  16. ↑ Friederich, Brandon: "Ma Rainey's Lesbian Lyrics: 5 Times She Expressed Her Queerness in Song" (2017-06-07). billboard.com. Billboard.
  17. ↑ Devi, Deborah: "Bessie Smith: Music's Original, Bitchinest Bad Girl" (2017-12-06). huffpost.com. Huffpost.
  18. ↑ Brown, Deborah; Finch, Annie; & Kumin, Maxine: "Lofty Dogmas: Poets on Poetics" (200). jstor.org. University of Arkansas Press.
  19. ↑ "The Kinsey Scale" (2020). kinseyinstitute.org. The Kinsey Institue.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "The Kinsey Scale and the Klein Grid" (2022). bi.org. Bi.org.
  21. ↑ Nichols, Jack: "Interview" (1997). gaytoday.com. Gay Today.
  22. ↑ Meet "The Mother of Pride," The Pioneering Bisexual Activist Brenda Howard
  23. ↑ The Ithaca Satement
  24. ↑ Rowney, Jo-Anne: "Inside Mary Austin and Freddie Mercury's relationship - the woman who none of his lovers could compare to" (2019-01-10). mirror.co.uk. Mirror.
  25. ↑ DeRiso, Nick: "Freddie Mercury's Sexuality Remained a Mystery Even to His Queen Bandmates" (2018-05-16). ultimateclassicrock.com. Ultimate Classic Rock.
  26. ↑ The Bisexual Option
  27. ↑ Minorities and HIV Infection, Veneita Porter, Rhode Island Project AIDS
  28. ↑ Our History - BRC
  29. ↑ The Bisexual Community: Are We Visible Yet?
  30. ↑ 1992 Colorado Amendment 2
  31. ↑ Support for the Inclusion and Acceptance of the Transgender and Bisexual Communities
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Page, Michael: "The History of the Bi Pride Flag". web.archive.org.
  33. ↑ Jordahn, Sebastian: "Queer x Design highlights 50 years of LGBT+ graphic design" (2019-10-23). dezeen.com. Dezeen.
  34. ↑ Queerstory: An Infographic History of the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights. Simon and Schuster, 2020-10-06. English. ISBN 1982142375. (web archive)
  35. ↑ Hardell, Ash. The ABC's of LGBT+. Mango Media Inc., 2016. ISBN 9781633534087.
  36. ↑ "Bisexual erasure" (2017-05-17). glaad.org. GLAAD.
  37. ↑ Rodriguez-Cayl, Kyli: "5 Myths About Bisxuality That Contribute To Bi Erasure" (2017-09-22). bustle.com. Bustle.
  38. ↑ Sexual prejudice: The erasure of bisexuals in academia and the media
  39. ↑ Social perception of bisexuality
  40. ↑ Bisexual erasure: Perceived attraction patterns of bisexual women and men
  41. ↑ Where We Are on TV 16'-17'
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 David Opie ft Kit Young: "Kit Young on Jesper and how Shadow and Bone handles queerness" (April 25, 2021). digitalspy.com.
  43. ↑ Alex Claremont-Diaz: https://lgbtqia-characters.fandom.com/wiki/Alex_Claremont-Diaz
  44. ↑ "Valkyrie is now the first LGBTQ Marvel movie superhero, but she’s been bi forever". cnn.com.
  45. ↑ Baron, Reuben: "20 Crucial Queer Representations in Anime (for Better or Worse)" (2018-06-22). cbr.com. CBR.
  46. ↑ Flavell, Leah: "Brooklyn Nine-Nine: Ten Times Rosa Diaz Was A Bisexual Icon" (2019-10-02). screenrant.com. Screenrant.
  47. ↑ West, Amy: "Brooklyn Nine-Nine fans are here for Rosa's 'bisexual panic' over new love interest" (2018-05-28). pinknews.co.uk. Pink News.
  48. ↑ The Owl House Season Three Episode One "Thanks to Them"
  49. ↑ Cissy Jones: "The "watching and dreaming" PostHoot with the one and only Dana Terrace!" (April 28, 2023). instagram.com. (backup link not available)
  50. ↑ "‘The 100’ Showrunner Talks Clarke’s Sexuality, Lexa’s Return and Season 3 Stakes". variety.com. "But it did become important to make it a female partner, because I felt like it needed it to be clear that she is bisexual. I usually don’t make decisions based on that. But I didn’t want there to be any doubt about it."
  51. ↑ "Gettin' Bi: ‘Crazy Ex-Girlfriend’s Darryl Whitefeather Destroys Bisexual Stereotypes". theseriesregulars.com.
  52. ↑ https://twitter.com/LUCIFERwriters/status/848629312857063424
  53. ↑ https://www.instagram.com/p/Cs80lSvMzES/
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 https://youtu.be/IW1fZAIu7aY
  55. ↑ mystery shack lookback podcast
  56. ↑ Catman (DC Comics): https://www.thedailybeast.com/gail-simones-bisexual-catman-and-the-secret-six
  57. ↑ Anitta: https://www.howardstern.com/news/2023/05/03/latin-pop-superstar-anitta-talks-bisexuality-butt-tattoos-vaginal-cologne-and-working-with-madonna/#:~:text=Anitta%2C%20who%20is%20bisexual%20but,say%20never%2C%E2%80%9D%20Anitta%20responded.
  58. ↑ Bi.org: "Bessie Smith". bi.org.
  59. ↑ Bi.org: "Billie Joe Armstrong". bi.org.
  60. ↑ Jim Booth: "Dave Davies’ Kink: Rock Star Same as He Ever Was…" (June 24, 2014). newsoutherngentleman.wordpress.com.
  61. ↑ Katie Rogers: "Was He Gay, Bisexual or Bowie? Yes" (January 13, 2016). nytimes.com.
  62. ↑ Reiss Smith: "Blondie icon Debbie Harry ‘always felt entitled’ to bisexuality and to being ‘the man she wanted to be’" (October 29, 2020). pinknews.co.uk.
  63. ↑ Josh Jackman: "Beautiful bisexual coming out song by YouTube star Dodie Clark goes viral" (July 3, 2017). pinknews.co.uk.
  64. ↑ https://people.com/tv/dove-cameron-shares-how-her-life-has-changed-since-coming-out-queer/
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.3 Dyer, Harriet. The Queeriodic Table: A Celebration of LGBTQ+ Culture. Summersdale Publishers Ltd, 2019. ISBN 9781786857521.
  66. ↑ American Institute of Bisexuality: "Freddie Mercury". bi.org. American Institute of Bisexuality Journal of Bisexuality.
  67. ↑ Jão: https://noticiasdatv.uol.com.br/noticia/feed/jao-assume-bissexualidade-e-abre-o-coracao-ja-namorei-meninos-e-meninas-63837
  68. ↑ https://www.mtv.com/news/qnfrtq/lady-gaga-opens-up-about-her-sexuality
  69. ↑ https://twitter.com/LilNasX/status/1612596434502815746?cxt=HHwWhMDQybn6i-EsAAAA
  70. ↑ https://twitter.com/LilNasX/status/1612938000874471426?cxt=HHwWhIDQrZ2kp-IsAAAA
  71. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Martinez
  72. ↑ Damshenas, Sam: "Tinashe gets candid about her bisexuality as she covers GAY TIMES Magazine" (2020-08-28). Gay Times.
  73. ↑ Osenlund, R. Kurt: "Actress Alia Shawkat on Bold Projects, Broad City & Being Queer in America" (May 11, 2017). out.com. Out.
  74. ↑ "Actress Bai Ling Discusses Her Bisexuality" (December 18, 2009). glaad.org. GLAAD.
  75. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=228TRb46q_E
  76. ↑ Elyssa Goodman: "Meet "The Mother of Pride," The Pioneering Bisexual Activist Brenda Howard". them.us.
  77. ↑ https://people.com/human-interest/jack-dylan-grazer-comes-out-as-bisexual-uses-he-they-pronouns-luca/
  78. ↑ "DIY Audio Guy - About" (January 24). youtube.com. DIY Audio Guy.
  79. ↑ "Margaret Cho: 'Nobody Has Ever Really Accepted That I’m Truly Bisexual'". huffpost.com.
  80. ↑ "Tessa Thompson Comes Out as Bisexual and Says She and Janelle Monáe "Love Each Other Deeply"". harpersbazaar.com.
  81. ↑ Karan Brar: "Karan Brar: How I Found Myself" (November 30, 2023). teenvogue.com.
  82. ↑ Vivienne Medrano 💖 on Twitter: "Today has been nonstop so decided to make my break doodle somethin' tiny for Bi-day 💕 https://t.co/n6cIMEHXTY" / Twitter
  83. ↑ 1957ed5d-fe61-4854-85c7-2c4d153e15f0 (1080×2400) (nocookie.net)
  84. ↑ Vivienne Medrano 💖 on Twitter: "Today has been nonstop so decided to make my break doodle somethin' tiny for Bi-day 💕 https://t.co/n6cIMEHXTY" / Twitter
  85. ↑ (1) Helluva Boss except it's just Chaz - YouTube
Deutsch Español Português do Brasil
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.