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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox |
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| − | | image = |
+ | | image = Sapphic Flag.svg |
| − | | caption = |
+ | | caption = Sapphic flag with simplified violet |
| − | | altname = |
+ | | altname = Women loving women (WLW), sapphist |
| − | | term = [[Sexual orientation]] |
+ | | term = *[[Sexual orientation]] |
| + | *[[Romantic orientation]] |
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| spectrum = |
| spectrum = |
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| − | | gender = |
+ | | gender = * Women |
| − | + | * [[Non-binary]] |
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| + | | attracted = *Women <small>(not exclusively)</small> |
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| − | *Two or more, any, or all [[gender]]s or [[sex]]es {{C|expanded definitions}} |
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| + | * [[Non-binary]] |
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| attractedtype = Any |
| attractedtype = Any |
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| − | | romance = |
+ | | romance = |
| + | | sexuality = |
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| − | | different = *[[Omnisexual]]{{#tag:ref|The differences between [[multisexual]] labels such as bisexual, [[omnisexual]], [[pansexual]], and [[polysexual]] depend on the definitions used. Some sources distinguish each label, while others use the same or similar language.|group=note}} |
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| + | | different = [[Lesbian]] |
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| − | *[[Pansexual]] |
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| − | *[[Polysexual]] |
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}} |
}} |
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| + | '''Sapphic''', sometimes known as '''women loving women''' ('''WLW'''),<ref name="Autostraddle: Why Sapphic Is Back In Style">{{Cite_web |url=https://www.autostraddle.com/why-sapphic-is-back-in-style-definition-meaning-trend |title=Why 'Sapphic' Is Back In Style |author=Chandra |date=2021-08-09 |work=[https://www.autostraddle.com Autostraddle] |archivedate=20210813161334}}</ref> or '''sapphist''',<ref name="Alpennia: Sapphist">{{Cite_web|url=https://alpennia.com/lhmp/lhmp-misc/sapphicsapphist|title=Sapphic/Sapphist|author=}}</ref> refers to a woman or woman-aligned person of any [[sexual orientation]] who is attracted to other women and/or women-aligned individuals.<ref name="Autostraddle: Why Sapphic Is Back In Style" /><ref name="PFLAG: National Glossary of Terms">{{Cite_web |url=https://pflag.org/glossary |title=National Glossary of Terms |author=[[PFLAG]] |archivedate=20220125043743}}</ref> Another definition is specifically inclusive of [[non-binary]] people.<ref name="Autostraddle: Why Sapphic Is Back In Style" /> It is an [[umbrella term]] for many identities, including those who are [[lesbian]], [[pansexual]], [[bisexual]], or [[queer]].<ref name="PFLAG: National Glossary of Terms" /> It is used to promote solidarity among women and non-binary people of all identities who are attracted to those who are women and woman-aligned. It may also be used as an identity, and may be found particularly useful for individuals who know they are attracted to women but may be uncertain if they are attracted to other [[gender]]s.<ref>{{Cite_web |url=https://queerintheworld.com/what-does-sapphic-mean |title=What Does Sapphic Mean? + Other Sapphic Information |author=Queer in the World}}</ref> It can also be used to describe a relationship between two women.<ref name="5 Reasons Why">{{Cite_web |url=https://medium.com/sexography/5-reasons-why-i-recommend-being-in-a-sapphic-relationship-f4d1a7fec680 |title=5 Reasons Why I Recommend Being in a Sapphic Relationship |author=The Sex and Secrets Column}}</ref><ref name="Etymonline: Sapphic">{{Cite_web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Sapphic#etymonline_v_22727 |title=Etymology, origin and meaning of sapphic |author=etymonline |work=[https://www.etymonline.com Online Etymology Dictionary]}}</ref> |
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| − | '''Bisexual''', or '''bi''', is a [[sexual orientation]] encompassing sexual attraction to multiple [[gender]]s and/or [[sex]]es, with various definitions that include: |
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| − | *Attraction to men and women<ref name="Bi.org: What is" /> |
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| − | *Attraction to two or more sexes or genders<ref name="Bi.org: What is" /><ref name="Biresource: What is" /><ref name="APA: Understanding Bisexuality">{{Cite_web|url=https://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/bisexual|title=Understanding Bisexuality|author=American Psychological Association}}</ref><ref name="WebMD: Bisexual" /> |
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| − | *Attraction to one's own gender and to at least one other<ref name="Bi.org: What is" /><ref name="WebMD: Bisexual" /> |
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| − | *Attraction to all sexes or genders<ref name="Bi.org: What is" /><ref name="Biresource: What is" /> |
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| − | *Attraction regardless of gender or sex<ref name="Bi.org: What is" /><ref name="Biresource: What is" /> |
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| − | Some bisexual people experience different kinds of attractions to the genders or sexes they are attracted to, or may feel attracted to different sexes or genders over time.<ref name="Bi.org: What is">{{Cite_web|url=https://bi.org/en/101/bisexuality|title=What is Bisexuality?|publisher=Bi.org|date=2022}}</ref> Bisexuals may feel equally attracted<ref name="WebMD: Bisexual">{{Cite web|url=https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-is-bisexual|title=Bisexuality: What Does It Mean?|publisher=WebMD|date=2021-06-28}}</ref> or may be primarily attracted or more strongly attracted to one or more of them compared to the other(s).<ref name="Bi.org: What is" /><ref name="WebMD: Bisexual" /> Bisexuality is also an [[umbrella term]] for [[Multisexual|multiple attractions]], the definitions of which overlap. Individuals may have a preference in which specific label they use or draw distinctions between bisexuality and other labels, such as [[pansexual]] and [[omnisexual]].<ref name="Biresource: What is">{{Cite_web|url=https://biresource.org/bi-info/what-is-bisexuality|title=What is Bisexuality?|author=Bisexual Resource Center}}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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| + | ''Sapphic'' as an adjective came into during the 16th century in reference to [[Sappho]], poetess of the isle of Lesbos c. 600 BCE. The word was used especially in reference to the characteristic meter of her poetry, and it was not until the 1890s that it gained its meaning of "pertaining to sexual relations between women";<ref name="Etymonline: Sapphic" /> the noun "sapphism", meaning "homosexual relations between women", also originated in the 1890s.<ref name="Etymonline: Sapphism">{{Cite_web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Sapphism#etymonline_v_48332|title=Etymology, origin and meaning of sapphism|author=etymonline|work=[https://www.etymonline.com Online Etymology Dictionary]}}</ref> "[[Lesbian]]" and its meanings are similarly derived from Lesbos, the isle associated with Sappho.<ref name="Etymonline: Lesbian">{{Cite_web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/lesbian|title=Etymology, origin and meaning of lesbian|author=etymonline|work=[https://www.etymonline.com Online Etymology Dictionary]}}</ref> |
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| − | "Bisexual" comes from the roots "bi-", meaning "two" or "double", and "-sexual". The term "bisexuality", when referring to sexual orientation, was first used by neurologist Charles Gilbert Chaddock in his English translation of ''Psychopathia Sexualis'' in 1892, which contained a theory that the brain of a person attracted both to their own sex and the opposite sex must be partly of another sex and thus "hermaphroditic".<ref name="PsychopathiaSexualis">{{Cite print|title=Psychopathia Sexualis|author=Kraft-Ebbing, Richard|contributor=Chaddock, Charles Gilbert|date=1892|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9SYKAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> Earlier, it was a botanical term for "having male and female parts".<ref name="Memoir">{{Cite print|title=Memoir of Observations on the Plants denominated Cryptogamick|author=de Beauvois, M.|publisher=American Philosophical Society|date=1793|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1004869.pdf}}</ref> |
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==Community== |
==Community== |
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| − | Bi Visibility Day has been internationally celebrated on September 23 since 1999. It varies in several countries, though, being the 16th, 24th, or 25th instead.<ref name="Bi Visibility Day">{{Cite_web |url=https://bivisibilityday.com |title=Bi Visibility Day}}</ref> |
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===History=== |
===History=== |
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| + | The term sapphic is derived from the Greek poet [[Sappho]], who lived on the isle of Lesbos. The sexual identity of Sappho has been long debated and continues as such to this day. Some interpret her poems as meaning she had relationship with women. Her new style of poetry was called a "sapphic stanza". Her songs often mentioned various emotions to her susceptibility to women, which later, derived the terms sapphic and [[lesbian]].<ref>https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/03/16/girl-interrupted</ref> |
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| − | ====Ancient history==== |
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| − | In Ancient China and Japan, [[Gay|homosexuality]] and bisexuality were both documented, including both men who had sex with men, and women who had sex with women. Ancient Japanese art prints, called ''shunga'', depict sexual relationships in complex detail, including same-sex relations. Ancient China had similar artwork.<ref name="FI">{{Cite print|title=Forbidden images: erotic art from Japan's Edo period|contributors=Hayakawa, Monta; Fritze, Sointu; Suojoki, Saara; & Helsingen kaupungin taidemuseo|publisher=Helsingen kaupungin taidemuseo|year=2000|language=English|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Forbidden_images.html?id=TXawOgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y}}</ref> Ancient Greek religious texts, which reflected cultural practices, had bisexual themes throughout. Ancient Greece is generally considered to have been accepting of [[LGBTQIA+]] individuals, though attitudes differed in various city-states.<ref name="Athens">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/law-sexuality-and-society/CC6AAF9012EEF289E37DE5128212C61E|title=Law, Sexuality, and Society: The Enforcement of Morals in Classical Athens|author=Cohen, David|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2011}}</ref> In terms of social acceptance in ancient Rome, a freeborn Roman man could have sex with both men and women, as long as he took the penetrative role.<ref name="Garden">{{Cite web|title=The Garden of Priapus: Sexuality and Aggression in Roman Humor|author=Richlin, Amy|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1992|language=English|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Garden_of_Priapus.html?id=KBoEG6GJlMcC&redir_esc=y}}</ref> Caligula, a Roman Caesar, had relationships with both men and women.<ref name="Caligula 1">{{Cite web|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/suetonius/12caesars/caligula*.html|title=Suetonius, The Lives of the Caesars|author=Tranquillus, C. Seutonius|publisher=Loeb Classical Library|date=1913}}</ref><ref name="Caligula 2">{{Cite web|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/59*.html|title=Roman History|author=Dio, Cassius|publisher=Loeb Classical Library|date=1924}}</ref> |
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| + | Because the term [[bisexual]] did not come into popularity until the 1950s, the words "sapphic"<ref name="Autostraddle: Why Sapphic Is Back In Style" /> and "lesbian" were used to describe a potentially romantic relationship between two women.<ref name="Autostraddle: Why Sapphic Is Back In Style" /><ref name="Etymonline: Lesbian" /> In the mid-20th century, "lesbian" and "sapphic" were often synonyms, meaning they meant the same thing. In the 21st century, it has become an umbrella term used to describe any romantic relationship between women or between non-binary people. The uptick in searches for the term sapphic have increased since 2014.<ref name="Autostraddle: Why Sapphic Is Back In Style" /> |
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| − | ====19th century==== |
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| − | Starting from 19th century, historians documented multiple self-declared or openly living as bisexual historical figures, being able to describe them in more detail than ancient figures. These include several well-known writers, singers and artists; however, living openly as a bisexual person was rare due to stigma. The famous writer Hans Christian Andersen (1805 - 1875) is described to be bisexual, as he describes attraction to both men and women in his correspondence and diary; his male love interests include Edvard Collin, who preferred women and found himself "unable to respond to this love".<ref name="JAWIL">{{Cite print|title=Just As Well I'm Leaving: To the Orient With Hans Christian Andersen|author=Booth, Michael|publisher=Random House|year=2018|language=English|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tq0sDAAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref name="HCA Letters">{{Cite print|title= Hans Christian Andersen's Correspondence with the Late Grand-Duke of Saxe-Weimar, Charles Dickens|author=Anderson, Hans Christian|editor=Crawford, Frederick|publisher=Dean & Son|date=1891|language=English|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/H.C._Andersen%27s_correspondence_with_the_late_Grand-Duke_of_Saxe-Weimar%2C_C._Dickens%2C_etc_%28IA_cu31924026288641%29.pdf}}</ref> Lord Byron (1788 - 1824), an English poet, one of the leading figures of the Romanticism, had many relationships with women and men, and his bisexuality is acknowledged by historians.<ref name="Least Like Saints">{{Cite web|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/385569/pdf|title=Least Like Saints: The Vexed Issue of Byron's Sexuality|author=Jackson, Emily|publisher=Liverpool University Press|date=2010}}</ref> |
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| − | ====Early 20th century==== |
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| − | During the Harlem Renaissance, blues singers Ma Rainey (1886–1939) and Bessie Smith (1894–1937) openly acknowledged bisexuality in their lyrics and life and are considered bisexual.<ref name="Ma Rainey">{{Cite_web|url=https://www.billboard.com/culture/politics/ma-rainey-lesbian-lyrics-7824784|title=Ma Rainey's Lesbian Lyrics: 5 Times She Expressed Her Queerness in Song|author=Friederich, Brandon|publisher=Billboard|date=2017-06-07}}</ref><ref name="Smith">{{Cite_web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bessie-smith_b_1450477|title=Bessie Smith: Music's Original, Bitchinest Bad Girl|author=Devi, Deborah|publisher=Huffpost|date=2017-12-06}}</ref> Poet Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892–1950) was also openly bisexual.<ref name="Lofty Dogmas">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvmx3j3j|title=Lofty Dogmas: Poets on Poetics|author=Brown, Deborah; Finch, Annie; & Kumin, Maxine|publisher=University of Arkansas Press|date=200}}</ref> |
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| − | ====The Kinsey Scale==== |
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| − | [[File:Kinsey scale.jpg|thumb|right|alt=The Kinsey Scale|The Kinsey scale was originally created by [[Alfred Kinsey]] and published in his 1948 book ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male''.]] |
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| − | The sex researcher Alfred Kinsey and his team published the Kinsey Scale in 1948, to illustrate that sexual attraction and behavior can vary on a wide spectrum. The seven-point scale ranges from 0 ("exclusively [[heterosexual]]") to 6 ("exclusively homosexual"). Those who fall somewhere in the 1-5 category are labelled as bisexual. The scale shows that there is a whole range of experiences other than being heterosexual or homosexual.<ref name="KinseyScale">{{Cite web|url=https://kinseyinstitute.org/research/publications/kinsey-scale.php|title=The Kinsey Scale|publisher=The Kinsey Institue|date=2020}}</ref><ref name="Bi.org: Kinsey">{{Cite_web|url=https://bi.org/en/101/Kinsey-Klein|title=The Kinsey Scale and the Klein Grid|publisher=Bi.org|date=2022}}</ref> |
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| − | ====1960s and 1970s==== |
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| − | In New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. between 1965 and 1969 multiple pickets were staged to fight for LGBTQIA+ rights. One woman at the second White House picket declared herself as bisexual.<ref name="GayToday">{{Cite_web|url=http://www.gaytoday.com/garchive/interview/083099in.htm|title=Interview|author=Nichols, Jack|publisher=Gay Today|date=1997}}</ref> Many bisexual individuals took part in the [[Stonewall riots]] in 1969, a key historical event for the entire LGBTQIA+ community. Brenda Howard, a known bisexual activist, is known as the Mother of Pride, because she created a one-month Stonewall anniversary rally in July 1969 and then took part in coordinating the Christopher Street Liberation Day Parade in 1970, known as the first pride march<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190608014435/https://www.them.us/story/brenda-howard/amp Meet "The Mother of Pride," The Pioneering Bisexual Activist Brenda Howard]</ref> |
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| − | In 1972, a Quaker group (an American religious assembly), the Committee of Friends on Bisexuality, supported the bisexual people in the "Ithaca Statement on Bisexuality", being the possibly first know religious group to support the bisexual community in the United States.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151015231948/http://bimedia.org/1984/june-1972-the-ithaca-statement/ The Ithaca Satement]</ref> |
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| − | Freddie Mercury (1946 - 1991) is one of the most famous self-declared bisexual men. Many speculate about his sexuality, but it is known he came out to his girlfriend, Mary Austin, in 1976.<ref name="Mirror">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/film/inside-mary-austin-freddie-mercurys-13474118|title=Inside Mary Austin and Freddie Mercury's relationship - the woman who none of his lovers could compare to|author=Rowney, Jo-Anne|publisher=Mirror|date=2019-01-10}}</ref><ref name="Ultimate Classic Rock">{{Cite web|url=https://ultimateclassicrock.com/freddie-mercury-sexuality|title=Freddie Mercury's Sexuality Remained a Mystery Even to His Queen Bandmates|author=DeRiso, Nick|publisher=Ultimate Classic Rock|date=2018-05-16}}</ref> |
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| − | ====The Klein Grid==== |
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| − | [[File:Klein sexuality grid.png|thumb|right|alt=The Klein Grid|The Klein Grid]] |
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| − | The Klein Grid is a way to describe sexuality and it is also known as the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid (KSOG). The psychiatrist and sex researcher Fritz Klein published the Klein Grid in 1978 to provide a more nuanced way to describe human sexuality. It includes past and present experiences and one's "ideal" experience they'd wish to have, and multiple labels to describe the experiences. One can include their behavior, attraction, fantasies, lifestyle and preferences and describe them with a multitude of labels containing words "only", "somewhat more", "most" and such. The grid illustrates fluidity and complexity of everyone's sexual identity.<ref name="Bi.org: Kinsey" /><ref>[https://www.americaninstituteofbisexuality.org/thebisexualoption The Bisexual Option]</ref> |
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| − | ====1980s and 1990s==== |
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| − | When the [[HIV/AIDS pandemic]] began, bisexual activists fought for their recognition; they also fought for [[cisgender]] women, [[transgender]] people, and injection drug users to be recognized as victims of the pandemic and supported. One of them was a Black woman, Veneita Porter, who advocated for these groups and was known to be bisexual; she was an activist of the Prostitute's Union of Massachusetts and the Call Off Your Old Tired Ethics organization.<ref>[https://scholarworks.umb.edu/nejpp/vol4/iss1/29/ Minorities and HIV Infection, Veneita Porter, Rhode Island Project AIDS]</ref> In 1985, the Bisexual Resource Center (BRC) was founded as the East Coast Bisexual Network.<ref>[https://biresource.org/about/our-history/ Our History - BRC]</ref> In 1987, the article "The Bisexual Movement: Are We Visible Yet?" by Lani Ka'ahumanu appeared in the official Civil Disobedience Handbook for the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights and was the first article from the bisexual community in a national lesbian or gay publication in the United States of America.<ref>[https://www.lanikaahumanu.com/OUT%20OUTRAGED.pdf The Bisexual Community: Are We Visible Yet?]</ref> |
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| − | In 1992, Colorado voters approved the 1992 Colorado Amendment 2 that prevented any city, town, or county in the state from taking any legislative, executive, or judicial action to introduce anti-discrimination law protecting gay, lesbian, or bisexual people. The Supreme Court ruled in a 6–3 decision that the amendment did not satisfy the Equal Protection Clause.<ref>[[wikipedia:1992 Colorado Amendment 2|1992 Colorado Amendment 2]]</ref> |
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| − | ====Modern history==== |
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| − | The Union for Reform Judaism in 2003 issued a resolution "Support for the Inclusion and Acceptance of the Transgender and Bisexual Communities", which applied their policy supporting rights of the gay and lesbian communities to the bisexual and transgender communities.<ref>[https://archive.ph/20120720193853/http://urj.org/Articles/index.cfm?id=13462 Support for the Inclusion and Acceptance of the Transgender and Bisexual Communities]</ref> |
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===Flag=== |
===Flag=== |
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| + | [[File:Original sapphic flag.png|left|thumb|right|200px|The original sapphic flag with a more realistic violet]] |
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| − | The bisexual pride flag was designed by a team led by LGBT activist Michael Page in 1998. The flag was created in order to give the bisexual community its own symbol which was easily recognized and comparable to the [[gay]] pride flag (rainbow flag) that represented the larger [[LGBTQIA+]] community. Page's aim was to increase the visibility of bisexual people, both among society as a whole and within the community.<ref name="Page">{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010801185547/http://biflag.com/Activism.asp|title=The History of the Bi Pride Flag|author=Page, Michael}}</ref> |
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| + | Two sapphic flags have two pink stripes on the top and bottom, symbolizing love, with a lavender center stripe. The center of the lavender stripe depicts a flower. In one version, a pair of violets in the center symbolizes love between two women;<ref name="R29">{{Cite web|url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-ca/lgbt-symbols#slide-10|title=Violets, Bi-Angles, And Double Moons: A Guide To LGBTQ+ Symbols|author=Smith, Erika|publisher=Refinery29|date=2019-06-20}}</ref> the second version has a single simplified violet instead. |
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| − | [[File:Biangles.svg|alt=Two interlocking triangles in the colours of the bi flag|thumb|The biangles]] |
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| − | Page took the colors of the bisexual pride flag from an existing bisexual symbol, the biangles (bisexuality triangles).<ref name="Page" /> The biangles were created for the Boston Bi Woman's Community by the artist Liz Nania.<ref name="Dezeen">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2019/10/23/queer-design-andrew-campbell-50-years-lgbt-graphic-design/|title=Queer x Design highlights 50 years of LGBT+ graphic design|author=Jordahn, Sebastian|publisher=Dezeen|date=2019-10-23}}</ref> |
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| − | {{Quote |
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| − | | quote = The pink color represents sexual attraction to the same sex only (gay and lesbian). The blue represents sexual attraction to the opposite sex only (straight) and the resultant overlap color purple represents sexual attraction to both sexes (bi). |
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| − | | speaker = Michael Page |
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| − | | source = [https://web.archive.org/web/20010801185547/http://biflag.com/Activism.asp The History of the Bi Pride Flag] |
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| − | }} |
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| − | [[File:Bi Crescents.svg|thumb|alt=Two interlocking crescents in the colours of the bi flag|The bisexual crescents]] |
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| − | A number of bisexual people prefer to use the bisexual crescents (also called the double moon) instead of the bi triangles as their community symbol, as they want to avoid using a symbol that derives from the pink triangle, which was used to tag and persecute homosexual people in the Nazi regime. This symbol was created by Vivian Wagner with a team in 1998.<ref name="QS">{{Cite print|title=Queerstory: An Infographic History of the Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights|publisher=Simon and Schuster|language=English|date=2020-10-06|isbn=1982142375|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P-T7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT3&lpg=PT3}}</ref> |
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===Distinction=== |
===Distinction=== |
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| + | The word "sapphic" is often confused for "lesbian" or thought to be the same thing. They historically were equivalent, but because they have accumulated multiple definitions, their meanings are ambiguous without specifying which definitions are used.<ref name="Autostraddle: Why Sapphic Is Back In Style" /> |
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| − | {{Rewrite|section}} |
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| − | Depending on the definitions used for the terms, bisexuality may be distinct from, but similar, to [[pansexual]]ity and [[omnisexual]]ity. This is apparent when defining bisexuality as attraction to more than one gender, pansexuality as attraction regardless of gender to people of any gender, and omnisexuality as attraction to all genders with gender often still playing a role in those attractions. However, the definitions are very nuanced and can vary per person.<ref name="ABCs">{{ABCs}}</ref> |
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| + | For instance, when lesbians are defined as women who are [[Monosexual|exclusively attracted]] to women only, although that is sometimes not the case,<ref name="TLP: Lesbian">{{Cite_web |url=https://translanguageprimer.com/lesbian |title=Lesbian |author=[[The Trans Language Primer]] |work=[https://translanguageprimer.com The Trans Language Primer] |archivedate=20211022172812}}</ref> it would not include those with [[multisexual]] orientations or non-binary identities. When using that definition, sapphic could then be distinguished as an umbrella term by including all sexualities in which women are attracted to other women, by explicitly including non-binary identities, or both. Under those specific definitions, pansexual and non-binary would be mutually exclusive with lesbian, but a pansexual non-binary individual could be sapphic.<ref name="Autostraddle: Why Sapphic Is Back In Style" /> However, although lesbian is often regarded as an exclusive term, it likewise has definitions inclusive of non-binary<ref name="Autostraddle: Why Sapphic Is Back In Style" /><ref name="TLP: Lesbian" /> and/or multisexual lesbians.<ref name="Autostraddle: Why Sapphic Is Back In Style" /> |
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| − | ===Perceptions and Discrimination=== |
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| − | Bisexual ("bi") erasure is one of the most common ways to discriminate against bisexual people. It is the practice of obscuring or denying a bisexual individual's orientation, often in favor of portraying them as either gay/lesbian or straight.<ref name="GLAADbiE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.glaad.org/accordionview/bisexual-erasure|title=Bisexual erasure|publisher=GLAAD|date=2017-05-17|accessdate=January 25, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Bustle">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/5-myths-about-bisexuality-that-contribute-to-bi-erasure-2418689|title=5 Myths About Bisxuality That Contribute To Bi Erasure|publisher=Bustle|author=Rodriguez-Cayl, Kyli|date=2017-09-22|accessdate=January 25, 2022}}</ref> It remains common, and despite efforts from bisexual activists, the cisheteronormative perception of the gender binary continues to affect how bisexuals are perceived.<ref>[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203947470-45/sexual-prejudice-erasure-bisexuals-academia-media Sexual prejudice: The erasure of bisexuals in academia and the media]</ref> |
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| − | |||
| − | There is a tendency to ignore the existence of bisexuality and assume that a person who has a same-sex relationship or sexual intercourse once is homosexual. However, a study in 2012 found that 76.8% of participants categorized such people as bisexual. Still, they "perceived male targets (who expressed a one-time interest in the other sex) to be more homosexual than comparable female targets were judged to be".<ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19419899.2012.749505 Social perception of bisexuality]</ref> Another study, published in 2021, mentioned that the authors researched the suggestion that "people stereotype bisexual women as truly heterosexual and bisexual men as truly gay" and found that "participants all perceived bisexual men as more attracted to men than to women. No such pattern emerged for bisexual women".<ref>[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ejsp.2773 Bisexual erasure: Perceived attraction patterns of bisexual women and men]</ref> |
||
| − | |||
| − | ==Media== |
||
| − | According to GLAAD's report Where We Are on TV 16'-17':<ref>[https://glaad.org/files/WWAT/WWAT_GLAAD_2016-2017.pdf Where We Are on TV 16'-17']</ref> |
||
| − | {{Quote |
||
| − | | quote = Of the 278 regular and recurring LGBTQ characters on scripted broadcast, cable, and streaming |
||
| − | programming, 83 (30 percent) are counted as bisexual. This group is made up of 64 women and 19 men [...] In each of the examples listed, the character's identity as bisexual was directly tied to their manipulative and evil actions. |
||
| − | | speaker = GLAAD |
||
| − | | source = [https://glaad.org/files/WWAT/WWAT_GLAAD_2016-2017.pdf Where We Are on TV 16'-17'] |
||
| − | }} |
||
| + | == Media== |
||
===Literature=== |
===Literature=== |
||
| + | *[https://beyondabookshelf.co.uk/2021/the-ultimate-sapphic-masterlist-2021/ The Ultimate Sapphic Masterlist of 2020] - All these books have moments in the text where it is shown a character is WLW, however, some characters use a specific label (i.e., lesbian, bi, pan) to identify themselves. Others use the term "sapphic" to describe themselves or their relationship(s). |
||
| − | *[[w:c:gossipgirl:Chuck Bass|Chuck Bass]] in [[w:c:gossipgirl|''Gossip Girl'']]{{source}} |
||
| + | *[[Wikipedia:Sapphic stanza|Sapphic stanza]] |
||
| − | *[[w:c:starwars:Chass na Chadic|Chass na Chadic]] in [[w:c:starwars:Star Wars|''Star Wars'']] novels{{source}} |
||
| + | *''Katie Met Cassidy'' by Camille Perri |
||
| − | *[[w:c:starwars:Sabé|Sabé]] in [[w:c:starwars:Star Wars|''Star Wars'']] novels{{source}} |
||
| + | *''The Well of Loneliness'' by Radclyffe Hall |
||
| − | *[[w:c:starwars:Wyl Lark|Wyl Lark]] in [[w:c:starwars:Star Wars|''Star Wars'']] novels{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:starwars:Yrica Quell|Yrica Quell]] in [[w:c:starwars:Star Wars|''Star Wars'']] novels{{source}} |
||
| − | *[https://aliceoseman.fandom.com/wiki/Frances_Janvier Frances Janvier] in ''[https://aliceoseman.fandom.com/wiki/Radio_Silence Radio Silence]''{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:riordan:Apollo|Apollo]] in [[w:c:riordan:The Trials of Apollo|''The Trials of Apollo'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *Kitty Butler in [[wikipedia:Tipping the Velvet|''Tipping the Velvet'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:vampirechronicles:Armand|Armand]] in [[w:c:vampirechronicles|''The Vampire Chronicles'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:vampirechronicles:David Talbot|David Talbot]] in [[w:c:vampirechronicles|''The Vampire Chronicles'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:vampirechronicles:Lestat de Lioncourt|Lestat de Lioncourt]] in [[w:c:vampirechronicles|''The Vampire Chronicles'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:vampirechronicles:Louis de Pointe du Lac|Louis de Pointe du Lac]] in [[w:c:vampirechronicles|''The Vampire Chronicles'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:vampirechronicles:Marius de Romanus|Marius de Romanus]] in [[w:c:vampirechronicles|''The Vampire Chronicles'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:thegrishaverse:Jesper Fahey|Jesper Fahey]] in ''[[w:c:thegrishaverse:Six of Crows|Six of Crows]]''<ref name="Jesper Fahey"/> |
||
| − | *[https://red-white-and-royal-blue.fandom.com/wiki/Alex_Claremont-Diaz Alex Claremont-Diaz] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red,_White_%26_Royal_Blue Red, White and Royal Blue]'' |
||
| − | *[https://red-white-and-royal-blue.fandom.com/wiki/Nora_Holleran Nora Holleran] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red,_White_%26_Royal_Blue Red, White and Royal Blue]'' |
||
| − | == |
+ | ==References== |
| + | {{Reflist}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:dcextendeduniverse:Harley Quinn|Harley Quinn]] in the [[w:c:dcextendeduniverse:DC Extended Universe|DC Extended Universe]] (first shown in [[w:c:dcextendeduniverse:Birds of Prey (And the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn)|''Birds of Prey (And the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn)'']]){{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:dcextendeduniverse:Peacemaker|Peacemaker]] in the [[w:c:dcextendeduniverse:DC Extended Universe|DC Extended Universe]] (first shown in [[w:c:dcextendeduniverse:Peacemaker_(TV_series)|''Peacemaker'']]) |
||
| − | *Lorraine Broughton in [[w:c:moviedatabase:Atomic Blonde|''Atomic Blonde'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:scottpilgrim:Ramona Flowers|Ramona Flowers]] in [[w:c:scottpilgrim|''Scott Pilgrim vs. the World'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:marvelcinematicuniverse:Valkyrie|Valkyrie]] in the [[w:c:marvelcinematicuniverse|Marvel Cinematic Universe]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/22/entertainment/valkyrie-bisexual-tessa-thompson-bi-lgbt-marvel-trnd/index.html|title=Valkyrie is now the first LGBTQ Marvel movie superhero, but she’s been bi forever}}</ref> |
||
| − | *[[w:c:marvelcinematicuniverse:Loki|Loki]] in the [[w:c:marvelcinematicuniverse|Marvel Cinematic Universe]]{{source}} |
||
| + | [[es:Safismo]] |
||
| − | ===Television/Animated=== |
||
| + | [[de:Sapphisch]] |
||
| − | *[[w:c:bobsburgers:Bob Belcher|Bob Belcher]] in ''[[w:c:bobsburgers:Bob's Burgers|Bob's Burgers]]''{{source}} |
||
| + | [[pt-br:Sáfica]] |
||
| − | *[[w:c:avatar:Korra|Korra]] in ''[[w:c:avatar:The Legend of Korra|The Legend of Korra]]''{{source}} |
||
| − | *[https://avatar.fandom.com/wiki/Asami_Sato Asami Sato] in [https://avatar.fandom.com/wiki/The_Legend_of_Korra ''The Legend of Korra'']{{source}} |
||
| − | *[https://she-raandtheprincessesofpower.fandom.com/wiki/Bow Bow] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She-Ra_and_the_Princesses_of_Power She-Ra and the Princesses of Power]'' |
||
| − | *[[w:c:arrow:Sara Lance|Sara Lance]] in the [[w:c:arrow:Arrowverse|''Arrowverse'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:lostgirl:Bo|Bo]] in [[w:c:lostgirl:Season 1|''Lost Girl'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[https://shadowhunters.fandom.com/pt-br/wiki/Magnus_Bane Magnus Bane] in [https://shadowhunters.fandom.com/pt-br/f ''Shadowhunters'']{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:jojo:Dio Brando|Dio Brando]] in [[w:c:jojo:Main Page|''JoJo's Bizarre Adventure'']] <ref name="CBR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbr.com/queer-anime-characters/|author=Baron, Reuben|title=20 Crucial Queer Representations in Anime (for Better or Worse)|publisher=CBR|date=2018-06-22}}</ref> |
||
| − | *[[w:c:brooklyn99:Rosa Diaz|Rosa Diaz]] in [[w:c:brooklyn99|''Brooklyn Nine-Nine'']]<ref name="SR">{{Cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/brooklyn-nine-rosa-diaz-bisexual-icon/|title=Brooklyn Nine-Nine: Ten Times Rosa Diaz Was A Bisexual Icon|author=Flavell, Leah|publisher=Screenrant|date=2019-10-02|accessdate=January 27, 2022}}</ref><ref name="PN">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/05/21/brooklyn-nine-nine-rosa-diaz-bisexual-panic-gina-rodriguez/|title=Brooklyn Nine-Nine fans are here for Rosa's 'bisexual panic' over new love interest|author=West, Amy|publisher=Pink News|date=2018-05-28|accessdate=January 27, 2022}}</ref> |
||
| − | *[[w:c:harleyquinn:Harley Quinn|Harley Quinn]] in ''[[w:c:Harley Quinn (TV series)|Harley Quinn]]''{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:harleyquinn:Poison Ivy|Poison Ivy]] in ''[[w:c:Harley Quinn (TV series)|Harley Quinn]]''{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:marvelcinematicuniverse:Loki|Loki]] in [[w:c:marvelcinematicuniverse:Loki (TV series)|''Loki'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:alpha-betas-youtube-series:Eddie|Eddie]] in [[w:c:alpha-betas-youtube-series:Alpha Betas|''Alpha Betas'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:criticalrole:Scanlan_Shorthalt|Scanlan Shortholt]] in [[w:c:criticalrole:The Legend of Vox Machina|''The Legend of Vox Machina'']] & [[w:c:criticalrole:Critical_Role|''Critical Role'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[https://sexeducation.fandom.com/wiki/Adam_Groff Adam Groff] from ''[https://sexeducation.fandom.com/wiki/Sex_Education_Wiki Sex Education]''{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:theowlhouse:Luz Noceda|Luz Noceda]] in ''[[w:c:theowlhouse:The Owl House (series)|''The Owl House'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:theowlhouse:Hunter|Hunter]] in ''[[w:c:theowlhouse:The Owl House (series)|''The Owl House'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:myheroacademia:Himiko Toga|Himiko Toga]] in ''[[w:c:myheroacademia:My Hero Academia (Anime)|''My Hero Academia'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:the100:Clarke Griffin|Clarke Griffin]] in ''[[w:c:the100:The 100|''The 100'']]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/features/the-100-season-3-clexa-clarke-bisexual-1201685357/|title=‘The 100’ Showrunner Talks Clarke’s Sexuality, Lexa’s Return and Season 3 Stakes|quote=But it did become important to make it a female partner, because I felt like it needed it to be clear that she is bisexual. I usually don’t make decisions based on that. But I didn’t want there to be any doubt about it.}}</ref> |
||
| − | *[[w:c:cxg:Darryl Whitefeather|Darryl Whitefeather]] in [[w:c:cxg:Crazy Ex-Girlfriend|''Crazy Ex-Girlfriend'']]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gettin' Bi: ‘Crazy Ex-Girlfriend’s Darryl Whitefeather Destroys Bisexual Stereotypes|url=https://theseriesregulars.com/gettin-bi-crazy-ex-girlfriends-darryl-whitefeather-destroys-bisexual-stereotypes/}}</ref> |
||
| − | *[[w:c:amphibia:Sasha Waybright|Sasha Waybright]] in [[w:c:amphibia:Amphibia|''Amphibia'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:riverdale:Toni Topaz|Toni Topaz]] in [[w:c:riverdale:Riverdale|''Riverdale'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:everythingsucks:Emaline Addario|Emaline Addario]] in [[w:c:fandom.com:Everything Sucks|''Everything Sucks'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:deadendia:Norma Khan|Norma Khan]] in ''[[w:c:deadendia:Dead End: Paranormal Park|Dead End: Paranormal Park]]'' |
||
| − | *[https://aliceoseman.fandom.com/wiki/Nick_Nelson Nick Nelson] in ''[https://aliceoseman.fandom.com/wiki/Heartstopper Heartstopper]''{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:the-boys:Queen Maeve|Queen Maeve]] in [[w:c:the-boys:The Boys (TV series)|''The Boys'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:venturebrothers:Colonel Gentleman|Colonel Gentleman]] in [[w:c:venturebrothers:The Venture Bros.|''The Venture Bros.'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:thewalkingdead:Victor Strand (Fear)|Victor Strand]] in [[w:c:thewalkingdead:Fear the Walking Dead|''Fear the Walking Dead'']] <small>(Confirmed in-universe to be bisexual; implied in an out-of-universe interview to be [[pansexual]])</small> |
||
| − | *[[w:c:thegrishaverse:Jesper Fahey (Netflix)|Jesper Fahey]] in ''[[w:c:thegrishaverse:Shadow and Bone (TV Series)|Shadow and Bone]]''<ref name="Jesper Fahey">{{Cite web|title=Kit Young on Jesper and how Shadow and Bone handles queerness|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/ustv/a36117402/shadow-and-bone-jesper-queer-sex-bisexual/|author=David Opie ft Kit Young|date=April 25, 2021}}</ref> |
||
| − | |||
| − | ===Comic books=== |
||
| − | *[[dcdatabase:Harleen Quinzel (Prime Earth)|Harleen Quinzel (Harley Quinn)]] in [[dcdatabase:DC Comics|''DC Comics'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[dcdatabase:Pamela Isley (Prime Earth)|Pamela Isley (Poison Ivy)]] in [[dcdatabase:DC Comics|''DC Comics'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[dcdatabase:Minhkhoa Khan (Prime Earth)|Minhkhoa "Khoa" Khan (Ghost-Maker)]] in [[dcdatabase:DC Comics|''DC Comics'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[dcdatabase:Timothy Drake (Prime Earth)|Tim Drake (Robin/Red Robin)]] in [[dcdatabase:DC Comics|''DC Comics'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Constantine John Constantine] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Comics DC Comics]''{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[dcdatabase:Catwoman (Selina Kyle)|Selina Kyle (Catwoman)]] in [[dcdatabase:DC Comics|''DC Comics'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojourner_Mullein Jo Mullein (Green Lantern)] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Comics DC Comics]''{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[dcdatabase:Wonder Woman (Diana Prince)|Diana (Wonder Woman)]] in [[dcdatabase:DC Comics|''DC Comics'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippolyta_(DC_Comics) Hippolyta] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Comics DC Comics]''{{source}} |
||
| − | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_of_Bana-Mighdall Artemis] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Comics DC Comics]''{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[dcdatabase:Jonathan_Samuel_Kent_(Prime_Earth)|Jonathan Samuel Kent (Superman)]] in [[dcdatabase:DC Comics|''DC Comics'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[dcdatabase:Thomas_Blake_(Prime_Earth)|Thomas Blake (Catman)]] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Comics DC Comics]'' |
||
| − | *[[marveldatabase:Loki Laufeyson (Ikol) (Earth-616)|Loki]] in [[marveldatabase:Marvel Comics|''Marvel Comics'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[marveldatabase:Peter Quill (Earth-616)|Peter Quill (Star Lord)]] in [[marveldatabase:Marvel Comics|''Marvel Comics'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[marveldatabase:Thomas_Shepherd_(Earth-616)|Thomas Shepherd (Speed)]] in [[marveldatabase:Marvel Comics|''Marvel Comics'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nico_Minoru Nico Minoru (Sister Grimm)] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Comics Marvel Comics]''{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[marveldatabase:David_Alleyne_(Earth-616)|David Alleyne (Prodigy) ]] in [[marveldatabase:Marvel Comics|''Marvel Comics'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[marveldatabase:Akihiro_(Earth-616)|Daken]] in [[marveldatabase:Marvel Comics|''Marvel Comics'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_(Marvel_Comics) Hercules] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noh-Varr Noh-Varr] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Comics Marvel Comics]''{{source}} |
||
| − | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkyrie_(Marvel_Comics) Valkyrie] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Comics Marvel Comics]''{{source}} |
||
| − | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitty_Pryde Kate Pryde (Red Queen)] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Comics Marvel Comics]''{{source}} |
||
| − | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystique_(character) Raven Darkholme (Mystique)] in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Comics Marvel Comics]''{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:scottpilgrim:Ramona_Flowers|Ramona Flowers]] in [[w:c:scottpilgrim:Scott Pilgrim|''Scott Pilgrim'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:scottpilgrim:Kim Pine|Kim Pine]] in [[w:c:scottpilgrim:Scott Pilgrim|''Scott Pilgrim'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:scottpilgrim:Jimmy|Jimmy]] in [[w:c:scottpilgrim:Scott Pilgrim|''Scott Pilgrim'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[https://aliceoseman.fandom.com/wiki/Nick_Nelson Nick Nelson] in ''[https://aliceoseman.fandom.com/wiki/Heartstopper Heartstopper]''{{source}} |
||
| − | *Lucas "Luc" Cazenave from ''[https://www.webtoons.com/en/challenge/summer-boo/list?title_no=645685&page=1 Summer Boo]''{{source}} |
||
| − | |||
| − | ===Video Games=== |
||
| − | *[[w:c:apexlegends:Loba|Loba Andrade]] in [[w:c:apexlegends|''Apex Legends'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:thelastofus:Dina|Dina]] in [[w:c:thelastofus:The Last of Us Part II|''The Last of Us Part II'']]{{source}} |
||
| − | *[[w:c:catherine:Vincent Brooks|Vincent Brooks]] in [[w:c:catherine|"Catherine"]]{{source}} |
||
| − | |||
| − | ===Music=== |
||
| − | *Bessie Smith<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bi.org/en/famous/bessie-smith|title=Bessie Smith|author=Bi.org}}</ref> |
||
| − | *Billie Joe Armstrong (Green Day)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bi.org/en/famous/billie-joe-armstrong|title=Billie Joe Armstrong|author=Bi.org}}</ref> |
||
| − | *Dave Davies (The Kinks)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsoutherngentleman.wordpress.com/2014/06/25/dave-davies-kink-rock-star-same-as-he-ever-was|title=Dave Davies’ Kink: Rock Star Same as He Ever Was…|date=June 24, 2014|author=Jim Booth}}</ref> |
||
| − | *David Bowie<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/14/style/was-he-gay-bisexual-or-bowie-yes.html|title=Was He Gay, Bisexual or Bowie? Yes|date=January 13, 2016|author=Katie Rogers}}</ref> |
||
| − | *Debbie Harry (Blondie)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/10/29/debbie-harry-bisexual-blondie-sexuality-homo-sapiens-podcast/|title=Blondie icon Debbie Harry ‘always felt entitled’ to bisexuality and to being ‘the man she wanted to be’|author=Reiss Smith|date=October 29, 2020}}</ref> |
||
| − | *Dodie Clark<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2017/07/03/beautiful-bisexual-coming-out-song-goes-viral/|title=Beautiful bisexual coming out song by YouTube star Dodie Clark goes viral|author=Josh Jackman|date=July 3, 2017}}</ref> |
||
| − | *Eric Emerson{{source}} |
||
| − | *Freddie Mercury (Queen)<ref name:"bi.org">{{Cite web|url=https://bi.org/en/famous/freddie-mercury|title=Freddie Mercury|author=American Institute of Bisexuality|publisher=American Institute of Bisexuality Journal of Bisexuality}}</ref> |
||
| − | *Iggy Pop (The Stooges){{source}} |
||
| − | *Jane Wiedlin (The Go-Go’s){{source}} |
||
| − | *Janelle Monáe{{source}} |
||
| − | *Janis Joplin (Big Brother and the Holding Company){{source}} |
||
| − | *John Lennon (The Beatles){{source}} |
||
| − | *Kate Pierson (The B-52’s){{source}} |
||
| − | *Kehlani{{source}} |
||
| − | *Kurt Cobain (Nirvana){{source}} |
||
| − | *Lady Gaga<ref>https://www.mtv.com/news/qnfrtq/lady-gaga-opens-up-about-her-sexuality</ref> |
||
| − | *Lil Nas X<ref>https://twitter.com/LilNasX/status/1612596434502815746?cxt=HHwWhMDQybn6i-EsAAAA</ref><ref>https://twitter.com/LilNasX/status/1612938000874471426?cxt=HHwWhIDQrZ2kp-IsAAAA</ref> |
||
| − | *Little Richard{{source}} |
||
| − | *Marc Bolan{{source}} |
||
| − | *Melanie Martinez<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Martinez</ref> |
||
| − | *Meshell Ndegeocello{{source}} |
||
| − | *Mick Jagger (The Rolling Stones){{source}} |
||
| − | *Morrissey (The Smiths){{source}} |
||
| − | *Perry Farrell (Jane's Addiction){{source}} |
||
| − | *Pete Shelley (Buzzcocks){{source}} |
||
| − | *Pete Townshed (The Who){{source}} |
||
| − | *Phil May (Pretty Things){{source}} |
||
| − | *Ray Davies (The Kinks){{source}} |
||
| − | *Siouxsie Sioux{{source}} |
||
| − | *Tinashe<ref name="Tinashe">{{Cite_web |url=https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/culture/tinashe-gets-candid-about-her-bisexuality-as-she-covers-gay-times-magazine |title=Tinashe gets candid about her bisexuality as she covers GAY TIMES Magazine |author=Damshenas, Sam |date=2020-08-28 |work=[https://www.gaytimes.co.uk Gay Times]}}</ref> |
||
| − | |||
| − | ===Public figures=== |
||
| − | *Alia Shawkat<ref name="Alia">{{Cite web|url=https://www.out.com/entertainment/2017/5/11/actress-alia-shawkat-bold-projects-broad-city-being-queer-america|title=Actress Alia Shawkat on Bold Projects, Broad City & Being Queer in America|author=Osenlund, R. Kurt|publisher=Out|date=May 11, 2017}}</ref> |
||
| − | *Bai Ling<ref name="Bai">{{Cite web|url=https://www.glaad.org/2009/12/18/actress-bai-ling-discusses-her-bisexuality|title=Actress Bai Ling Discusses Her Bisexuality|publisher=GLAAD|date=December 18, 2009}}</ref> |
||
| − | *[[wikipedia:Brenda Howard|Brenda Howard]], the "Mother of Pride"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.them.us/story/brenda-howard#:~:text=Meet%20%22The%20Mother%20of%20Pride,know%20it%20wouldn't%20exist.|title=Meet "The Mother of Pride," The Pioneering Bisexual Activist Brenda Howard|author=Elyssa Goodman}}</ref> |
||
| − | *Jack Dylan Grazer{{source}} |
||
| − | * Javicia Leslie{{source}} |
||
| − | *Jen Richards{{source}} |
||
| − | *Joan Stokes{{source}} |
||
| − | *Jon Cozart{{source}} |
||
| − | *Justin Gardner (AKA DIY Audio Guy)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/@DIYAudioGuy/about|title=DIY Audio Guy - About|publisher=DIY Audio Guy|date=January 24}}</ref> |
||
| − | *Kristen Stewart{{source}} |
||
| − | *Margaret Cho<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/margaret-cho-bisexuality-pride_n_5b27b980e4b0783ae12b754e|title=Margaret Cho: 'Nobody Has Ever Really Accepted That I’m Truly Bisexual'}}</ref> |
||
| − | *Robin Ochs{{source}} |
||
| − | *Sheryl Swoopes{{source}} |
||
| − | *Tessa Thompson<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a22002680/tessa-thomspon-bisexual-janelle-monae/|title=Tessa Thompson Comes Out as Bisexual and Says She and Janelle Monáe "Love Each Other Deeply"}}</ref> |
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| − | |||
| − | === Other === |
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| − | |||
| − | * [https://hazbinhotel.fandom.com/wiki/Charlie_Morningstar Charlie Morningstar] (Hazbin Hotel) <ref>Vivienne Medrano 💖 on Twitter: "Today has been nonstop so decided to make my break doodle somethin' tiny for Bi-day 💕 <nowiki>https://t.co/n6cIMEHXTY</nowiki>" / Twitter</ref> |
||
| − | * [https://hazbinhotel.fandom.com/wiki/Cherri_Bomb Cherri Bomb] (Hazbin Hotel) <ref>1957ed5d-fe61-4854-85c7-2c4d153e15f0 (1080×2400) (nocookie.net)</ref> |
||
| − | * [https://hazbinhotel.fandom.com/wiki/Moxxie Moxxie] (Helluva Boss) <ref>Vivienne Medrano 💖 on Twitter: "Today has been nonstop so decided to make my break doodle somethin' tiny for Bi-day 💕 <nowiki>https://t.co/n6cIMEHXTY</nowiki>" / Twitter</ref> |
||
| − | * [https://hazbinhotel.fandom.com/wiki/Chazwick_Thurman Chazwick Thurman] (Helluva Boss)<ref>(1) Helluva Boss except it's just Chaz - YouTube</ref> |
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| − | |||
| − | ==Resources== |
||
| − | *[https://biresource.org/ Bisexual Resource Center] |
||
| − | *[https://bi.org/en Bi.org] |
||
| − | *[https://bivisibilityday.com/ Bi Visibility Day] |
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| − | |||
| − | ==Notes== |
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| − | <references group="note" /> |
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| − | |||
| − | ==References== |
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| − | {{Scroll|{{Reflist}}}} |
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| + | [[Category:Romantic orientation]] |
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| − | [[de:Bisexuell]] |
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| + | [[Category:Sexual orientation]] |
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| − | [[pt-br:Bissexualidade]] |
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| + | [[Category:Umbrellas and spectrums]] |
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| − | [[es:Bisexualidad]] |
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Revision as of 01:02, 5 June 2023
Sapphic, sometimes known as women loving women (WLW),[1] or sapphist,[2] refers to a woman or woman-aligned person of any sexual orientation who is attracted to other women and/or women-aligned individuals.[1][3] Another definition is specifically inclusive of non-binary people.[1] It is an umbrella term for many identities, including those who are lesbian, pansexual, bisexual, or queer.[3] It is used to promote solidarity among women and non-binary people of all identities who are attracted to those who are women and woman-aligned. It may also be used as an identity, and may be found particularly useful for individuals who know they are attracted to women but may be uncertain if they are attracted to other genders.[4] It can also be used to describe a relationship between two women.[5][6]
Etymology
Sapphic as an adjective came into during the 16th century in reference to Sappho, poetess of the isle of Lesbos c. 600 BCE. The word was used especially in reference to the characteristic meter of her poetry, and it was not until the 1890s that it gained its meaning of "pertaining to sexual relations between women";[6] the noun "sapphism", meaning "homosexual relations between women", also originated in the 1890s.[7] "Lesbian" and its meanings are similarly derived from Lesbos, the isle associated with Sappho.[8]
Community
History
The term sapphic is derived from the Greek poet Sappho, who lived on the isle of Lesbos. The sexual identity of Sappho has been long debated and continues as such to this day. Some interpret her poems as meaning she had relationship with women. Her new style of poetry was called a "sapphic stanza". Her songs often mentioned various emotions to her susceptibility to women, which later, derived the terms sapphic and lesbian.[9]
Because the term bisexual did not come into popularity until the 1950s, the words "sapphic"[1] and "lesbian" were used to describe a potentially romantic relationship between two women.[1][8] In the mid-20th century, "lesbian" and "sapphic" were often synonyms, meaning they meant the same thing. In the 21st century, it has become an umbrella term used to describe any romantic relationship between women or between non-binary people. The uptick in searches for the term sapphic have increased since 2014.[1]
Flag
The original sapphic flag with a more realistic violet
Two sapphic flags have two pink stripes on the top and bottom, symbolizing love, with a lavender center stripe. The center of the lavender stripe depicts a flower. In one version, a pair of violets in the center symbolizes love between two women;[10] the second version has a single simplified violet instead.
Distinction
The word "sapphic" is often confused for "lesbian" or thought to be the same thing. They historically were equivalent, but because they have accumulated multiple definitions, their meanings are ambiguous without specifying which definitions are used.[1]
For instance, when lesbians are defined as women who are exclusively attracted to women only, although that is sometimes not the case,[11] it would not include those with multisexual orientations or non-binary identities. When using that definition, sapphic could then be distinguished as an umbrella term by including all sexualities in which women are attracted to other women, by explicitly including non-binary identities, or both. Under those specific definitions, pansexual and non-binary would be mutually exclusive with lesbian, but a pansexual non-binary individual could be sapphic.[1] However, although lesbian is often regarded as an exclusive term, it likewise has definitions inclusive of non-binary[1][11] and/or multisexual lesbians.[1]
Media
Literature
- The Ultimate Sapphic Masterlist of 2020 - All these books have moments in the text where it is shown a character is WLW, however, some characters use a specific label (i.e., lesbian, bi, pan) to identify themselves. Others use the term "sapphic" to describe themselves or their relationship(s).
- Sapphic stanza
- Katie Met Cassidy by Camille Perri
- The Well of Loneliness by Radclyffe Hall
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Chandra: "Why 'Sapphic' Is Back In Style" (2021-08-09). Autostraddle. (Archived on August 13, 2021).
- ↑ "Sapphic/Sapphist". alpennia.com.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 PFLAG: "National Glossary of Terms". pflag.org. (Archived on January 25, 2022).
- ↑ Queer in the World: "What Does Sapphic Mean? + Other Sapphic Information". queerintheworld.com.
- ↑ The Sex and Secrets Column: "5 Reasons Why I Recommend Being in a Sapphic Relationship". medium.com.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 etymonline: "Etymology, origin and meaning of sapphic". Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ↑ etymonline: "Etymology, origin and meaning of sapphism". Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 etymonline: "Etymology, origin and meaning of lesbian". Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ↑ https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/03/16/girl-interrupted
- ↑ Smith, Erika: "Violets, Bi-Angles, And Double Moons: A Guide To LGBTQ+ Symbols" (2019-06-20). refinery29.com. Refinery29.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 The Trans Language Primer: "Lesbian". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on October 22, 2021).