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| − | {{Emerging}} |
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| + | |image=Lili Elbe.jpg |
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| − | | image = Abrosexual Flag.svg |
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| + | |pronouns=[[Pronoun|She/her]] |
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| − | | altname = |
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| + | |gender=Female |
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| − | | term = Sexual orientation |
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| + | |alias=Niels Hoyer |
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| − | | spectrum = |
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| + | |nationality=Danish |
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| − | | gender = |
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| + | |birth=December 28, 1882<br />Vejle, Denmark |
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| − | | attracted = |
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| + | |death=September 13, 1931 (aged 48)<br />Dresden, Germany |
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| − | | attractedtype = Sexual |
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| + | |marital= |
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| − | | romance = [[Abroromantic]] |
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| + | |family= |
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| + | |occupation=Painter |
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| − | | different = [[Pansexual]] |
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| + | |active= |
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| + | |known=Early [[gender]] [[transition]] |
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}} |
}} |
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| + | '''Lili Ilse Elvenes''' (December 28, 1882 - September 13, 1931), better known as '''Lili Elbe''', was a Danish painter and [[transgender]] woman. She was one of the earliest people to undergo sex reassignment surgery procedures.<ref name="Biography">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biography.com/artist/lili-elbe |title=Lili Elbe Biography |date=September 10, 2015 |archivedate=20220122140807 |author=Worthen, Meredith |work=https://www.biography.com/author/meredith-worthen |publisher=Biography.com}}</ref> |
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| − | '''Abrosexual''' people experience their [[sexual orientation]] as fluid and/or changing over time. Although other kinds of fluidity may involve changes in the [[gender]]s someone is attracted to, abrosexuality involves someone's entire orientation changing over time. The intensity of their attractions may change as well.<ref name="ABCs">{{Cite_print |author=Mardell, Ashley |title=The ABC's of LGBT+ |publisher=Mango Media Inc. |date=2016 |isbn=9781633534087}}</ref> There is no set schedule experienced by all abrosexual people; it may fluctuate between hours, days, weeks, months, or even years for their orientations to change. Some abrosexual individuals do have their own fixed patterns or schedules, but not all. Some may be fluid between a few orientations while others are fluid between several.<ref name="GT">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/life/what-does-abrosexual-mean/|title=LGBTQ+ 101- What does abrosexual mean?|date=2021-06-21|publisher=Gay Times}}</ref> |
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| + | ==Early life== |
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| − | {{Stub}} |
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| + | Elbe was born on December 28, 1882, in the small fjord-side town of Vejle, Denmark. She was an artistic and precocious child. As a teenager, she traveled to Copenhagen to study art at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts.<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lili-Elbe |title=Lili Elbe Biography |date=2021 |archivedate=20220122140807 |author=Blumber, Naomi |work=https://www.britannica.com/editor/Naomi-Blumberg/9538086 |publisher=Britannica}}</ref> There, Elbe met Gerda Gottlieb, whom she would eventually marry.<ref name="Biography" /> |
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| + | ==Marriage and career== |
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| − | ==Etymology== |
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| + | Elbe and Gottlieb married in 1904 at the young ages of 22 and 19.<ref name="Biography" /><ref name="Britannica" /> The two artists enjoyed painting together. While Elbe had a penchant for painting landscapes, Gottlieb was a successful book and fashion magazine illustrator.<ref name="Britannica" /> Gottlieb asked Elbe to sit as her model and don feminine clothing for her art-deco portraits of high-fashion women; at the time, Elbe had not [[transition]]ed from her [[Birth assignment|assigned gender at birth]].<ref name="Biography" /> |
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| − | The prefix "abro-" comes from the Greek ''habrós'', meaning "graceful" or "delicate".<ref name="Wiktionary">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%81%CE%B2%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek|title=ἁβρός - Wiktionary|publisher=Wiktionary|accessdate=January 24, 2022}}</ref><ref name="D">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/gender-sexuality/abrosexual/|title=abrosexual|publisher=Dictionary.com|date=February 20, 2020|accessdate=January 24, 2022}}</ref> This symbolizes the movement and changing nature of people who are abrosexual.<ref name="WMD">{{Cite web|url=https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-is-abrosexual|title=What is Abrosexual?|publisher=WebMD}}</ref> |
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| + | Through Gottlieb's portraits, Elbe was transformed into the beautiful woman she had always wanted to be, and she began to envision living life as a woman. After traveling throughout Europe until 1912, the couple finally settled down in Paris, where Elbe transitioned her public identity to Lili and lived openly as herself for the last 20 years of her life. She chose the surname "Elbe" after the river in Central Europe that flows through Dresden, the location of the last of her sex reassignment operations.<ref name="Biography" /> |
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| − | ==Community== |
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| − | ''The top part of this section is more general, while the subsections are specific. A wide range of topics can be included here, such as impacts that people who identify as this term have on society, things specific to this identity's community (like ace rings to asexuals), and miscellaneous achievements or contributions by this group that do not fall into the other subsections. If not needed, it can be left blank between the Community heading and History subheading.'' |
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| + | ==Gender reassignment== |
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| − | ===History=== |
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| + | In the 1920s, Elbe learned of the possibility of permanently transforming her body from male to female at the German Institute for Sexual Science in Berlin. Dr. [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] founded the clinic in 1919 and coined the term "[[transgender|transsexualism]]" in 1923.<ref name="Biography" /> There she underwent the first of four operations in 1930, a surgical castration procedure. The next three surgeries were conducted in 1930 and 1931 by Dr. Kurt Warnekros at the Dresden Municipal Women's Clinic and included a penectomy and the transplantation of human ovarian tissue. According to Trans History, "some reports indicate that Elbe already had rudimentary ovaries in her abdomen and may have been [[intersex]]", and a subsequent unspecified surgery some weeks later that involved the insertion of a cannula. These surgeries permitted her to change her legal name and [[sex]], and she received a passport as Lili Elbe (female).<ref name="Biography" /> |
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| − | ''Document the community's most important history, including facts such as key events, breakthroughs in improving the community's well being and rights, or historical figures known to belong to the community.'' |
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| + | Although some reports indicate that Elbe was the very first sex reassignment surgery recipient, she was not.<ref name="Biography" /> |
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| − | ===Flag=== |
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| − | [[File:Abrosexual Flag.svg|thumb|left|200px]] |
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| − | The abrosexual flag was created prior to 2016 by a user on the now-locked tumblr blog pride-flags-for-us.<ref name="T">{{Cite web|url=https://pride-color-schemes.tumblr.com/post/144021162525/abro|title=Pride|publisher=pride-flags-for-us|date=May 7, 2016|accessdate=January 24, 2022}}</ref> |
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| + | ==Post-op and death== |
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| − | ===Distinction=== |
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| + | Elbe likened her female transformation to being born again and an affirmation of her true nature. However, because she was now legally recognized as a woman, King Christian X of Denmark nullified her marriage to Gerda Gottlieb in 1930, after which the two parted ways amicably.<ref name="Biography" /> |
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| − | Abrosexual is occasionally confused with pansexual. Pansexual is defined as being attracted to someone regardless of gender, while abrosexual is often described as having a fluid/changing orientation. Being abrosexual, one can identify as pansexual one day and bisexual the next.<ref name="WMD" /> |
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| + | Another door opened for Elbe when an old friend requested her hand in marriage.<ref name="Biography" /> She planned a final surgery that involved a uterus transplant and the construction of female genitalia. She did this in hopes that this procedure would allow her to have intercourse with her fiancé and eventually become a mother.<ref name="Biography" /> This dream would never be realized; Elbe died from heart paralysis shortly after at the Women's Clinic in Dresden while recovering from her final surgery in 1931, just shy of her 49th birthday.<ref name="Biography" /> |
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| − | ===Controversy=== |
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| − | ''Optional section: If this topic has been the subject of any controversies, detail them in this section. For example, it could explain outdated or disputed terms, disagreements about how this identity is defined, identity-phobic discourse around popular flags, or other conflicts.'' |
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| + | ==Legacy== |
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| − | ===Perceptions and discrimination=== |
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| + | Elbe's story was published after her death under her pseudonym Niels Hoyer.<ref name="Britannica" /> It culled her life's history from her personal diaries in accordance with her last wishes. The book, ''[https://books.google.nl/books/about/Man_Into_Woman.html?id=D9ohAQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y {{DK Transl|Fra Mand Til Kvinde|Man Into Woman}}]'', was first published in 1933 in Danish; German and English editions quickly followed, including reissues of the English version in 1953 and 2004. ''Man Into Woman'' was one of the first widely available books about a transgender person's life.<ref name="Biography" /> |
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| − | Abrosexuality is often by some called a, "collection of phases", or that "they haven't figured their sexuality yet",{{Source}} even though abrosexual is the fluctuation of sexualities. |
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| + | The American film ''[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0810819/ The Danish Girl]'' (2015), inspired by the 2000 book of the same name, was based on Elbe's life story.<ref name="DanishGirl">{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0810819/ |title=The Danish Girl |date= |archivedate=20220122140807 |author= |work= |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> [[Cisgender]] actor Eddie Redmayne was controversially cast in the role of Elbe.<ref name="BBC">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-59373295 |title=Eddie Redmayne says it was a mistake to play trans role in The Danish Girl |date=November 22, 2021 |archivedate=20220122140807 |author= |work= |publisher=BBC}}</ref> |
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| − | ==Media== |
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| − | ''This section should be used to elaborate on the portrayal and representation of this identity in various forms of media, which can include a listing or links to various artists or movies, series, etc. Subheadings like Film, Television, Literature, and Music should be used where appropriate.'' |
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| − | == |
+ | ==Trivia== |
| + | *Elbe's close friend Ernst Ludwig Harthern-Jacobson is often credited with writing ''{{DK Transl|Fra Mand Til Kvinde|Man Into Woman}}'', though this is not the case.<ref name="Britannica" /> |
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| − | ''Here you can place useful resources relevant for the described topic.'' |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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| + | |||
| + | [[Category:LGBTQIA+ History]] |
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Revision as of 20:39, 21 February 2022
Lili Ilse Elvenes (December 28, 1882 - September 13, 1931), better known as Lili Elbe, was a Danish painter and transgender woman. She was one of the earliest people to undergo sex reassignment surgery procedures.[1]
Early life
Elbe was born on December 28, 1882, in the small fjord-side town of Vejle, Denmark. She was an artistic and precocious child. As a teenager, she traveled to Copenhagen to study art at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts.[2] There, Elbe met Gerda Gottlieb, whom she would eventually marry.[1]
Marriage and career
Elbe and Gottlieb married in 1904 at the young ages of 22 and 19.[1][2] The two artists enjoyed painting together. While Elbe had a penchant for painting landscapes, Gottlieb was a successful book and fashion magazine illustrator.[2] Gottlieb asked Elbe to sit as her model and don feminine clothing for her art-deco portraits of high-fashion women; at the time, Elbe had not transitioned from her assigned gender at birth.[1]
Through Gottlieb's portraits, Elbe was transformed into the beautiful woman she had always wanted to be, and she began to envision living life as a woman. After traveling throughout Europe until 1912, the couple finally settled down in Paris, where Elbe transitioned her public identity to Lili and lived openly as herself for the last 20 years of her life. She chose the surname "Elbe" after the river in Central Europe that flows through Dresden, the location of the last of her sex reassignment operations.[1]
Gender reassignment
In the 1920s, Elbe learned of the possibility of permanently transforming her body from male to female at the German Institute for Sexual Science in Berlin. Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld founded the clinic in 1919 and coined the term "transsexualism" in 1923.[1] There she underwent the first of four operations in 1930, a surgical castration procedure. The next three surgeries were conducted in 1930 and 1931 by Dr. Kurt Warnekros at the Dresden Municipal Women's Clinic and included a penectomy and the transplantation of human ovarian tissue. According to Trans History, "some reports indicate that Elbe already had rudimentary ovaries in her abdomen and may have been intersex", and a subsequent unspecified surgery some weeks later that involved the insertion of a cannula. These surgeries permitted her to change her legal name and sex, and she received a passport as Lili Elbe (female).[1]
Although some reports indicate that Elbe was the very first sex reassignment surgery recipient, she was not.[1]
Post-op and death
Elbe likened her female transformation to being born again and an affirmation of her true nature. However, because she was now legally recognized as a woman, King Christian X of Denmark nullified her marriage to Gerda Gottlieb in 1930, after which the two parted ways amicably.[1]
Another door opened for Elbe when an old friend requested her hand in marriage.[1] She planned a final surgery that involved a uterus transplant and the construction of female genitalia. She did this in hopes that this procedure would allow her to have intercourse with her fiancé and eventually become a mother.[1] This dream would never be realized; Elbe died from heart paralysis shortly after at the Women's Clinic in Dresden while recovering from her final surgery in 1931, just shy of her 49th birthday.[1]
Legacy
Elbe's story was published after her death under her pseudonym Niels Hoyer.[2] It culled her life's history from her personal diaries in accordance with her last wishes. The book, Fra Mand Til Kvinde, was first published in 1933 in Danish; German and English editions quickly followed, including reissues of the English version in 1953 and 2004. Man Into Woman was one of the first widely available books about a transgender person's life.[1]
The American film The Danish Girl (2015), inspired by the 2000 book of the same name, was based on Elbe's life story.[3] Cisgender actor Eddie Redmayne was controversially cast in the role of Elbe.[4]
Trivia
- Elbe's close friend Ernst Ludwig Harthern-Jacobson is often credited with writing Fra Mand Til Kvinde, though this is not the case.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 "Lili Elbe Biography" by Worthen, Meredith on biography.com. Published September 10, 2015 by Biography.com (Archived on January 22, 2022).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Lili Elbe Biography" by Blumber, Naomi on britannica.com. Published 2021 by Britannica (Archived on January 22, 2022).
- ↑ "The Danish Girl" on imdb.com. Published by IMDb (Archived on January 22, 2022).
- ↑ "Eddie Redmayne says it was a mistake to play trans role in The Danish Girl" on bbc.com. Published November 22, 2021 by BBC (Archived on January 22, 2022).